Osman Taher Kamal, Ismail Sayed Taha, El-Sherbiny Hossam R
Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
Research and Development Department, BIORASCO Co., Qassim 52232, Saudi Arabia.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jun 24;15(13):1859. doi: 10.3390/ani15131859.
ET is used in camel reproduction to increase the reproductive potential of elite females selected for production and show. This retrospective study analyzed the association between factors related to embryo flushing (flushing fluid turbidity and debris), embryo quality (grades 1-4), recipient uterine status (tone and endometrial microcalcifications (EM)), farm and its locations (Qassim and Hail), as well high and low temperature on the likelihood of establishment of the 2-month pregnancy rate (PR) in dromedary camels. A total of 4360 embryos were transferred to 2947 recipients in this study. Logistic regression analysis (binary) was applied to evaluate the association between the selected factors and PR in month two. The likelihood of PR was affected by embryo quality ( < 0.01), EMs ( < 0.01), and farm ( < 0.05) and its location ( < 0.01). Transferring embryos to low ( < 0.01) or medium ( < 0.05) EM recipients decreased the likelihood of PR by ~1.3 times compared to uteri without EM. Grade 3 or 4 embryo transfer decreased the likelihood of PR by ~1.9 and 2.6 times, respectively, compared to grade 1 embryos (< 0.01). In Saudi Arabia, applying an ET program in dromedaries in the Hail region raised the prediction of PR over the Qassim region by 1.2 times. Temperature changes had no effect on PR; however, higher temperature only affected the PR when grade 4 embryos were transferred. In conclusion, the likelihood of PR was higher with the transfer of grade 1 or 2 embryos in an EM-free uterus in the Hail region (Saudi Arabia). PR was only affected by higher temperature in the case of transferring grade 4 embryos.
胚胎移植（ET）用于骆驼繁殖，以提高被选用于生产和展示的优良母畜的繁殖潜力。这项回顾性研究分析了与胚胎冲洗相关的因素（冲洗液浑浊度和碎片）、胚胎质量（1 - 4级）、受体子宫状况（子宫张力和子宫内膜微钙化（EM））、农场及其位置（卡西姆和海勒），以及高温和低温对单峰骆驼两个月妊娠率（PR）确立可能性的影响。本研究共向2947头受体移植了4360枚胚胎。应用逻辑回归分析（二元）来评估所选因素与第二个月PR之间的关联。PR的可能性受胚胎质量（<0.01）、EMs（<0.01）、农场（<0.05）及其位置（<0.01）的影响。与无EM的子宫相比，将胚胎移植到低（<0.01）或中度（<0.05）EM受体子宫会使PR的可能性降低约1.3倍。与1级胚胎相比，移植3级或4级胚胎会使PR的可能性分别降低约1.9倍和2.6倍（<0.01）。在沙特阿拉伯，在海勒地区对单峰骆驼应用ET程序使PR的预测比卡西姆地区提高了1.2倍。温度变化对PR没有影响；然而，仅在移植4级胚胎时高温才会影响PR。总之，在沙特阿拉伯海勒地区，将1级或2级胚胎移植到无EM的子宫中时PR的可能性更高。仅在移植4级胚胎时PR才受高温影响。
