Ban Chao, Srisaikham Supreena, Tian Xingzhou, Lounglawan Pipat
School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sa Kaeo Campus, Sa Kaeo 27160, Thailand.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jun 28;15(13):1905. doi: 10.3390/ani15131905.
Weaning is challenging for dairy calves, frequently resulting in digestive issues. This highlights the importance of implementing appropriate nutritional strategies to enhance gut health and support optimal growth. Postbiotics is a promising alternative to traditional probiotics, conferring health benefits without the risks associated with live bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a postbiotic from dead-cell C37 (postbiotic LIC37) on blood biochemical parameters and jejunal epithelium transcriptomic profiles in calves. Fourteen Holstein bull calves were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 7). The control group (CON) received a basic diet, while the postbiotic group (DCLI) was supplemented with 1 g/d of postbiotic LIC37 for 90 days. Blood samples were collected on days 76, 83, and 90, respectively. The jejunal epithelial tissue was obtained from four randomly selected calves per group at day 90 for transcriptome analysis. The results showed that postbiotic LIC37 supplementation reduced globulin, total protein, neutrophil (Neu) levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels in the DCLI group ( < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis identified 76 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with significant upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (FABP1), intestinal barrier function (B4GALNT2), and detoxification (GSTA1), alongside downregulation of immune response regulation (FCRLA, FCRL4). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses highlighted enrichment in pathways related to glutathione metabolism, drug metabolism, and vitamin digestion, indicating that postbiotic supplementation improved detoxification, oxidative stress defense, and nutrient absorption in calves. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of postbiotic LIC37 and supports its potential as a sustainable alternative to probiotics in calf nutrition.
断奶对犊牛来说具有挑战性，常常会导致消化问题。这凸显了实施适当营养策略以增强肠道健康并支持最佳生长的重要性。后生元是传统益生菌的一种有前景的替代品，它能带来健康益处且无活细菌相关风险。本研究旨在调查日粮中添加来自死细胞C37的后生元（后生元LIC37）对犊牛血液生化参数和空肠上皮转录组图谱的影响。14头荷斯坦公牛犊被随机分为两组（n = 7）。对照组（CON）接受基础日粮，而后生元组（DCLI）在90天内每天补充1克后生元LIC37。分别在第76、83和90天采集血样。在第90天从每组随机挑选的4头犊牛获取空肠上皮组织用于转录组分析。结果显示，在DCLI组中添加后生元LIC37降低了球蛋白、总蛋白、中性粒细胞（Neu）水平以及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）水平（P < 0.05）。转录组分析鉴定出76个差异表达基因（DEG），参与脂肪酸代谢（FABP1）、肠道屏障功能（B4GALNT2）和解毒（GSTA1）的基因显著上调，同时免疫反应调节（FCRLA、FCRL4）下调。基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析突出了与谷胱甘肽代谢、药物代谢和维生素消化相关途径的富集，表明添加后生元改善了犊牛的解毒、氧化应激防御和营养吸收。本研究为后生元LIC37益处背后的分子机制提供了新见解，并支持其作为犊牛营养中益生菌可持续替代品的潜力。
