Jakubas Dariusz, Wojczulanis-Jakubas Katarzyna, Witkowska Marta, Lesiewicz Aleksandra, Manikowska-Ślepowrońska Brygida, Wiśniowska Izabela, Binkowski Łukasz J
Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 1;15(13):1945. doi: 10.3390/ani15131945.
Cognitive abilities play a critical role for migratory birds encountering unfamiliar habitats at stop-over sites. We investigated factors (age, sex, fuel reserves, vertical/horizontal activity, and mercury level) affecting cognitive abilities behavior (problem-solving task-escaping from an experimental cage) in a long-distance migratory passerine, the sedge warbler () at an autumn stop-over site. During the experiment, after two minutes of acclimatization, we remotely opened the door of the cage and recorded whether each bird escaped or remained in the cage. A mixed-effects Cox model revealed that the probability of escaping from the cage was significantly affected by variance in horizontal movements along the horizontal axis of the cage during the acclimatization phase (in models for all individuals and immatures) and sex (in immatures). Individuals moving more were more likely to escape from the cage. Immature males, at any given time, were 2.3 times more likely to escape from the cage than females. We interpreted this in the context of risk-partitioning with males adopting a high-risk, high-reward strategy and females using a low-risk, low-reward strategy, which may be associated with a predisposition for sex-specific roles in breeding. The repeatability of escape response was low (7.3%) for the same recaptured individuals.
认知能力对于在中途停歇地遇到陌生栖息地的候鸟至关重要。我们研究了影响一种长途迁徙雀形目鸟类——芦苇莺（）在秋季中途停歇地的认知能力行为（解决问题任务——从实验笼中逃脱）的因素（年龄、性别、能量储备、垂直/水平活动以及汞含量）。在实验过程中，经过两分钟的适应期后，我们远程打开笼子的门，并记录每只鸟是否逃脱或留在笼中。一个混合效应Cox模型显示，在适应期沿笼子横轴的水平移动差异（在所有个体和未成熟个体的模型中）以及性别（在未成熟个体中）显著影响从笼子逃脱的概率。移动更多的个体更有可能从笼子逃脱。在任何给定时间，未成熟雄性从笼子逃脱的可能性是雌性的2.3倍。我们从风险分配的角度对此进行了解释，即雄性采用高风险、高回报策略，而雌性采用低风险、低回报策略，这可能与繁殖中特定性别角色的倾向有关。对于相同的重新捕获个体，逃脱反应的重复性较低（7.3%）。
