Arakawa Nanami, Otsuka Mika, Hamano Takahisa, Kumagai Momochika, Kato Sanae, Hirai Takuya, Yabuki Akira, Yamato Osamu
Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Kagoshima City Aquarium, Kagoshima 892-0814, Japan.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;15(13):1950. doi: 10.3390/ani15131950.
Imidazole dipeptides (IDPs), including anserine, carnosine, and balenine, are predominantly found in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates. Balenine is the major IDP in cetaceans. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein released in response to damage or injury in various tissues, including skeletal muscles. A captive bottlenose dolphin () died due to rhabdomyolysis and subsequent acute kidney injury that probably originated from accidental muscle trauma. In this study, concentrations of IDPs and SAA were measured using stored serum collected from the affected dolphin with intermittent continuous damage of skeletal muscles to demonstrate the pathological relevance of these parameters and their usefulness as biomarkers for muscle damage in dolphins. The IDP concentration was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method. The SAA concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific to dolphin SAA and a latex turbidimetric immunoassay (LTI) specific to human SAA. Herein, the IDP concentration was altered similarly to serum muscular enzymes, including creatinine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, IDP concentrations were elevated one day earlier than CK and AST levels at disease onset. Furthermore, IDP concentrations were similarly altered when assessed using both ELISA- and LTI-SAAs, and the change in IDP concentration coincided with that in LTI-SAA based on the statistical analysis. These data suggest that IDP concentration could detect muscle damage and injury, including necrosis and inflammation, in dolphins.
咪唑二肽（IDPs），包括鹅肌肽、肌肽和β-丙氨酰-L-组氨酸，主要存在于脊椎动物的骨骼肌中。β-丙氨酰-L-组氨酸是鲸类动物体内主要的IDP。血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）是一种急性期蛋白，在包括骨骼肌在内的各种组织受到损伤时释放。一头圈养宽吻海豚因横纹肌溶解及随后可能由意外肌肉创伤引发的急性肾损伤而死亡。在本研究中，使用从受影响海豚采集的储存血清测量IDPs和SAA的浓度，该海豚的骨骼肌存在间歇性持续损伤，以证明这些参数的病理相关性及其作为海豚肌肉损伤生物标志物的有用性。使用高效液相色谱-紫外法测量IDP浓度。使用针对海豚SAA的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和针对人类SAA的乳胶比浊免疫测定（LTI）测量SAA浓度。在此，IDP浓度的变化与包括肌酸激酶（CK）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）在内的血清肌肉酶类似。然而，在疾病发作时，IDP浓度比CK和AST水平提前一天升高。此外，使用ELISA-SAA和LTI-SAA评估时，IDP浓度变化相似，基于统计分析，IDP浓度变化与LTI-SAA变化一致。这些数据表明，IDP浓度可以检测海豚的肌肉损伤和伤害，包括坏死和炎症。
