Rodríguez-Blázquez Sandra, Gómez-Mejía Esther, Rosales-Conrado Noelia, León-González María Eugenia
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Jun 26;14(13):2271. doi: 10.3390/foods14132271.
The valorization of agri-food waste has emerged as a global priority. In this context, fruit seed waste is being investigated for oil extraction due to its richness in bioactive compounds with remarkable health benefits. This review (2020-2025) focuses on the current state of eco-friendly extraction techniques for obtaining high-yield oils enriched with compounds such as tocopherols, polyphenols, fatty acids, phytosterols, and carotenoids. A comparison of the present method with conventional extraction techniques reveals several notable distinctions. Conventional methods are generally characterized by prolonged extraction times, elevated temperatures, and high amounts of solvents and/or energy. The findings of this review suggest that the extraction methodologies employed exerts a substantial influence on the yield and bioactive composition of the oil, which in turn affects its health-promoting properties. Furthermore, the results have demonstrated that alternative methodologies (microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, electric pulse extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, subcritical extraction, and combinations thereof) have analogous oil yields in comparison with conventional methods. In addition, these oils present a superior bioactive profile with feasible potential in industrial and health applications. The novelty of this work lies in its emphasis on the valorization of fruit seed waste, as well as its sustainable approach. This sustainable approach utilizes experimental design strategies, the implementation of developments that employ comprehensive ecological metrics, and the latest trends in the application of artificial intelligence.
农业食品废弃物的增值已成为全球优先事项。在此背景下，由于水果种子废弃物富含具有显著健康益处的生物活性化合物，人们正在对其进行油脂提取研究。本综述（2020 - 2025年）聚焦于用于获取富含生育酚、多酚、脂肪酸、植物甾醇和类胡萝卜素等化合物的高产油脂的环保提取技术的现状。将当前方法与传统提取技术进行比较，发现了几个显著差异。传统方法通常具有提取时间长、温度高、溶剂和/或能量用量大的特点。本综述的结果表明，所采用的提取方法对油脂的产量和生物活性成分有重大影响，进而影响其促进健康的特性。此外，结果表明替代方法（微波辅助提取、超声辅助提取、加压液体提取、电脉冲提取、酶辅助提取、亚临界提取及其组合）与传统方法相比具有类似的油脂产量。此外，这些油脂具有更优的生物活性特征，在工业和健康应用中具有可行的潜力。这项工作的新颖之处在于其对水果种子废弃物增值的强调以及可持续方法。这种可持续方法利用实验设计策略、采用综合生态指标的开发实施以及人工智能应用的最新趋势。
