Zhou Mengyi, Zhao Ya, He Mengjie, Su Danting, Han Dan, Huang Lichun, Xu Peiwei, Zhang Ronghua
School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 28;17(13):2159. doi: 10.3390/nu17132159.
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced chronic disease risk, though regional variations persist. In Zhejiang, China, where plant-based food intake is high, this study aimed to explore the association between plant-based diets and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults aged 35-75. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2024 Zhejiang Nutrition and Health Survey (ZJNHS). Three plant-based diet indices were calculated: the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated associations between diet index quintiles and MetS and its components. Among the 4695 participants included in the study, 23.9% ( = 1122) had MetS. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, individuals in the highest uPDI quintile showed a significantly higher MetS risk compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08-1.73, -trend = 0.013). Subgroup analyses revealed significant gender interaction ( for interaction < 0.001), with women exhibiting elevated MetS risk (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, < 0.001). For MetS components, the highest uPDI quintile was associated with increased risks of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66; -trend = 0.032), elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12-1.78; -trend = 0.003), and elevated fasting glucose (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.59; -trend = 0.037). Unhealthy plant-based foods are associated with increased MetS risk, particularly in women. Reducing intake of such foods, considering sex differences, and implementing precision nutrition interventions are essential.
以植物为基础的饮食与降低慢性病风险相关，不过地区差异仍然存在。在中国浙江，植物性食物摄入量较高，本研究旨在探讨35至75岁成年人中以植物为基础的饮食与代谢综合征（MetS）之间的关联。这项横断面研究利用了2024年浙江营养与健康调查（ZJNHS）的数据。计算了三种以植物为基础的饮食指数：总体植物性饮食指数（PDI）、健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）和不健康植物性饮食指数（uPDI）。多变量逻辑回归模型评估了饮食指数五分位数与MetS及其组成部分之间的关联。在纳入研究的4695名参与者中，23.9%（n = 1122）患有MetS。在调整了人口统计学和生活方式因素后，uPDI五分位数最高的个体与最低五分位数相比，MetS风险显著更高（OR = 1.37，95%CI：1.08 - 1.73，P趋势 = 0.013）。亚组分析显示存在显著的性别交互作用（交互作用P < 0.001），女性的MetS风险升高（OR = 1.03，95%CI：1.01 - 1.04，P < 0.001）。对于MetS的组成部分，uPDI五分位数最高与腹部肥胖风险增加（OR = 1.32，95%CI：1.05 - 1.66；P趋势 = 0.032）、血压升高（OR = 1.41，95%CI：1.12 - 1.78；P趋势 = 0.003）和空腹血糖升高（OR = 1.27，95%CI：1.01 - 1.59；P趋势 = 0.037）相关。不健康的植物性食物与MetS风险增加相关，尤其是在女性中。考虑性别差异，减少此类食物的摄入量并实施精准营养干预至关重要。
