Langmann Fie, Prioux Clémentine, Touvier Mathilde, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle, Fezeu Léopold K, Baudry Julia, Dahm Christina C, Allès Benjamin
Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Bobigny, F-93017, France.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 May 30;64(5):193. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03722-w.
Legumes are protein-rich foods with health benefits and low environmental impact. This study investigated associations between legume consumption, in isolation or as part of plant-based dietary patterns, and cardiometabolic risk factors.
This cross-sectional study used a subsample of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline (2009-2011) and underwent clinical and biochemical examinations (2011-2014, N = 16,358). Multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression analyses estimated prevalence ratios (PR) for associations between legume consumption and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, elevated waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Associations with healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet indices were also assessed, stratified by ultra-processed food consumption or sex.
High compared to low legume consumption was not significantly associated with lower prevalence of low HDL (PR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.90; 1.53), elevated waist circumference (PR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90; 1.14), blood pressure (PR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.93; 1.11), blood glucose (PR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92; 1.40), serum triglycerides (PR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.76; 1.30), total cholesterol (PR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.81; 1.15), or LDL cholesterol (PR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79; 1.08). However, adherence to the healthy plant-based diet index was associated with lower prevalences of all risk factors, and the opposite for the unhealthy plant-based diet index. Associations were not modified by ultra-processed food consumption or sex.
Dietary patterns rich in legumes, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts were associated with lower prevalences of cardiometabolic risk factors, while legumes in isolation were not.
豆类是富含蛋白质的食物，对健康有益且对环境影响较小。本研究调查了单独食用豆类或作为植物性饮食模式一部分食用豆类与心血管代谢危险因素之间的关联。
这项横断面研究使用了NutriNet-Santé队列的一个子样本，这些参与者在基线时（2009 - 2011年）完成了三次24小时饮食回顾，并接受了临床和生化检查（2011 - 2014年，N = 16358）。多变量调整后的泊松回归分析估计了豆类消费与低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇、腰围增加、血压、血糖、血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇或低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇之间关联的患病率比值（PR）。还评估了与健康和不健康植物性饮食指数的关联，并按超加工食品消费情况或性别进行分层。
与低豆类消费量相比，高豆类消费量与低HDL患病率较低（PR：1.18，95%CI：0.90；1.53）、腰围增加（PR：1.01，95%CI：0.90；1.14）、血压（PR：1.01，95%CI：0.93；1.11）、血糖（PR：1.13，95%CI：0.92；1.40）、血清甘油三酯（PR：1.00，95%CI：0.76；1.30）、总胆固醇（PR：0.97，95%CI：0.81；1.15）或LDL胆固醇（PR：0.93，95%CI：0.79；1.08）之间无显著关联。然而，坚持健康的植物性饮食指数与所有危险因素的较低患病率相关，而坚持不健康的植物性饮食指数则相反。这些关联不受超加工食品消费或性别的影响。
富含豆类、全谷物、水果、蔬菜和坚果的饮食模式与心血管代谢危险因素的较低患病率相关，而单独食用豆类则不然。
