Newmire Daniel E, Filep Erica M, Wainwright Jordan B, Webb Heather E, Willoughby Darryn S
School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 30;17(13):2185. doi: 10.3390/nu17132185.
Exercise training in extreme temperatures concurrent with hypohydration status may potentiate the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in young, healthy persons. : It is unknown how repeated training bouts in ambient higher temperatures and humidity may influence measures of AKI. The purpose of this study was to investigate hydration status and renal biomarkers related to AKI in NCAA Division I female soccer athletes during preseason conditioning. : A convenience sample of = 21 athletes were recruited (mean ± SEM; age: 19.3 ± 0.25 y; height: 169.6 ± 1.36 cm; mass: 68.43 ± 2.46 kg; lean body mass: 45.91 ± 1.13 kg; fat mass: 22.51 ± 1.69 kg; body fat %: 32.22 ± 1.32%). The average temperature was 27.43 ± 0.19 °C, and the humidity was 71.69 ± 1.82%. Body composition, anthropometric, workload, and 14 urine samples were collected throughout the preseason training period for urine specific gravity (USG), creatinine (uCr), cystatin C (uCyst-C), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) analyses. : Our investigation showed that, when compared to baseline (D0), the athletes maintained a USG-average euhydrated status (1.019 ± 0.001) and were euhydrated prior to each exhibition game (D5-Pre: = 0.03; 1.011 ± 0.001; D10-Pre: = 0.0009; 1.009 ± 0.001); uCr was elevated on D8 ( = 0.001; 6.29 ± 0.44 mg·dL·LBM) and D10-Post ( = 0.02; 6.61 ± 0.44 mg·dL·LBM); uCyst-C was elevated on D6 through D10 ( = 0.001; 0.42 ± 0.01 mg·dL); no differences were found in uNGAL concentration. The highest distance (m) displaced was found during exhibition games (D5: = <0.0001; ~8.6 km and D10: = <0.0001; ~9.6 km). During the preseason conditioning, the athletes maintained a euhydrated status (1.019) via USG, an increase in uCr that averaged within a normal range (208 mg·dL), and an increase in uCyst-C to near AKI threshold levels (0.42 mg·L) for several practice sessions, followed by an adaptive decline. No differences were found in uNGAL, which may be explained by athlete variation, chosen time sample collection, and variation in training and hydration status. : The athletes maintained a euhydrated status, and this may help explain why urinary markers did not change or meet the reference threshold for AKI.
在与轻度脱水状态同时存在的极端温度下进行运动训练，可能会增强年轻健康人群急性肾损伤（AKI）的发生风险。目前尚不清楚在环境温度和湿度较高的情况下反复进行训练会如何影响急性肾损伤的指标。本研究的目的是调查美国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级女子足球运动员在季前训练期间与急性肾损伤相关的水合状态和肾脏生物标志物。招募了21名运动员作为便利样本（均值±标准误；年龄：19.3±0.25岁；身高：169.6±1.36厘米；体重：68.43±2.46千克；瘦体重：45.91±1.13千克；脂肪量：22.51±1.69千克；体脂率：32.22±1.32%）。平均温度为27.43±0.19℃，湿度为71.69±1.82%。在整个季前训练期间收集身体成分、人体测量数据、工作量以及14份尿液样本，用于分析尿比重（USG）、肌酐（uCr）、胱抑素C（uCyst-C）和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（uNGAL）。我们的调查显示，与基线（D0）相比，运动员维持了尿比重平均正常水合状态（1.019±0.001），并且在每场比赛前（D5-赛前：P = 0.03；1.011±0.001；D10-赛前：P = 0.0009；1.009±0.001）均处于正常水合状态；uCr在第8天（P = 0.001；6.29±0.44毫克·分升·瘦体重）和D10-赛后（P = 0.02；6.61±0.44毫克·分升·瘦体重）升高；uCyst-C在第6天至第10天升高（P = 0.001；约0.42±0.01毫克·分升）；uNGAL浓度未发现差异。在比赛期间（D5：P = <0.0001；约8.6千米和D10：P = <0.0001；约9.6千米）移动的距离最长。在季前训练期间，运动员通过尿比重维持了正常水合状态（约1.019），uCr升高且平均在正常范围内（208毫克·分升），uCyst-C在几次训练中升高至接近急性肾损伤阈值水平（0.42毫克/升），随后适应性下降。uNGAL未发现差异，这可能是由于运动员个体差异、所选时间样本采集以及训练和水合状态的变化所致。运动员维持了正常水合状态，这可能有助于解释为什么尿液标志物没有变化或未达到急性肾损伤的参考阈值。
