Zdybel Kinga, Śliwka Angelika, Polak-Berecka Magdalena, Polak Paweł, Waśko Adam
Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
The Provincial Specialist Hospital in Biala Podlaska, Terebelska 57-65, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 30;17(13):2187. doi: 10.3390/nu17132187.
: Postbiotics are bioactive compounds derived from inactivated probiotic microorganisms that show potential for preventing and treating inflammatory diseases. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence on their therapeutic effects in inflammatory conditions. : A search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2014 to 2024 identified 39 eligible studies. Article selection was conducted using the Rayyan platform, risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane ROB 2 tool, and results were visualized with ROBVIS. Bibliometric networks were constructed using VOSviewer. Due to data heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not performed; therefore, results were described and presented graphically. The most commonly used microorganisms belonged to the and families, with heat inactivation as the predominant method. Postbiotics exert multifaceted anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression, influencing immune cell signaling pathways, and strengthening epithelial barrier integrity. They regulate immune mechanisms such as the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balance, indicating their potential in treating inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndrome. However, the heterogeneity of studies, their limitations, and risk of bias require cautious interpretation. : Future research should focus on standardizing postbiotic preparations, conducting long-term clinical trials, and analyzing synergistic effects of different strains. Postbiotics offer a promising approach to managing inflammation, with potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
后生元是源自灭活益生菌微生物的生物活性化合物，显示出预防和治疗炎症性疾病的潜力。本综述旨在评估其在炎症状态下治疗效果的证据。2014年至2024年对PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行检索，共识别出39项符合条件的研究。使用Rayyan平台进行文章筛选，采用Cochrane ROB 2工具评估偏倚风险，并使用ROBVIS对结果进行可视化展示。使用VOSviewer构建文献计量网络。由于数据异质性，未进行荟萃分析；因此，对结果进行描述并以图形方式呈现。最常用的微生物属于[具体菌属]和[具体菌属]科，热灭活是主要方法。后生元通过调节细胞因子表达、影响免疫细胞信号通路和加强上皮屏障完整性发挥多方面的抗炎作用。它们调节免疫机制，如Th1/Th2和Treg/Th17平衡，表明其在治疗炎症性肠病、自身免疫性疾病和代谢综合征方面的潜力。然而，研究的异质性、局限性和偏倚风险需要谨慎解读。未来的研究应侧重于标准化后生元制剂、开展长期临床试验以及分析不同菌株的协同作用。后生元为炎症管理提供了一种有前景的方法，在功能性食品和营养保健品中有潜在应用。
