Heye Kristina Nadine, Bogl Leonie Helen, Sasaki Mari, Frei Remo, Breunig Anna, Bühler Neeta, Kahlert Christian Raphael, Goekkaya Mehmet, Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia, Lauener Roger, Roduit Caroline
Division of Pneumology and Allergology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, 9006 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 7;17(13):2243. doi: 10.3390/nu17132243.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The role of maternal diet in atopic dermatitis (AD) requires better understanding, as AD often manifests early in life and precedes other allergic diseases. We evaluated the association between maternal diet and AD up to 2 years of age.
A total of 116 mother-child dyads from the CARE birth cohort study were included. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed with a validated self-administered 97-item food frequency questionnaire, and dietary scores were calculated. AD was evaluated at ages 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The associations between maternal dietary patterns and AD were examined by logistic regression analysis adjusting for total energy intake, gender of the child, maternal antibiotic therapy during pregnancy, and history of atopic disease among both parents.
Of the 116 children, 27 (23.3%) developed AD by 2 years, 11 of whom (40.7%) had persistent AD within the first 2 years. AD risk was reduced with a higher Mediterranean diet score during pregnancy (upper median > 3 points versus lower median: adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.69, = 0.009) and with greater dietary diversity, as measured by the number of items consumed (upper median > 53 items versus lower median: OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06-0.58, = 0.005). No association was found with macronutrients and micronutrients. Red meat consumption showed a positive association with the persistent AD phenotype (adjusted OR 5.04, 95% CI 1.47 to 31.36, = 0.034).
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and a diverse diet during pregnancy may decrease the risk of developing early childhood AD. This highlights the synergistic role of nutrients in dietary patterns as they modulate immune development and disease susceptibility.
背景/目的：鉴于特应性皮炎（AD）常在生命早期出现且先于其他过敏性疾病，母体饮食在其中的作用需要更好地理解。我们评估了母体饮食与2岁前AD之间的关联。
纳入了来自CARE出生队列研究的116对母婴。通过一份经验证的97项食物频率自填问卷评估孕期母体饮食，并计算饮食得分。在4个月、1岁和2岁时评估AD情况。通过逻辑回归分析，在调整总能量摄入、孩子性别、孕期母体抗生素治疗以及父母双方的特应性疾病史后，研究母体饮食模式与AD之间的关联。
在116名儿童中，27名（23.3%）在2岁前患AD，其中11名（40.7%）在头两年内患有持续性AD。孕期地中海饮食得分较高（上四分位数>3分与下四分位数相比：调整后的比值比为0.24，95%置信区间为0.08 - 0.69，P = 0.009）以及饮食多样性更高（以摄入食物种类数衡量，上四分位数>53种与下四分位数相比：比值比为0.19，95%置信区间为0.06 - 0.58，P = 0.005）时，AD风险降低。未发现与宏量营养素和微量营养素有关联。红肉消费与持续性AD表型呈正相关（调整后的比值比为5.04，95%置信区间为1.47至31.36，P = 0.034）。
孕期坚持地中海饮食和多样化饮食可能降低幼儿患AD的风险。这突出了饮食模式中营养素在调节免疫发育和疾病易感性方面的协同作用。
