用于柔性应变传感器的聚氨酯泡沫的应用与研究进展

Advances in the Applications and Studies of Polyurethane Foam for Flexible Strain Sensors.

作者信息

Huang Shuai, Liu Guanbing, Sun Ying, Zhang Xiacong

机构信息

School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.

Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;17(13):1851. doi: 10.3390/polym17131851.

DOI:10.3390/polym17131851

PMID:40647861

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12251857/

Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) foam, renowned for its structural versatility, elasticity, compressibility, and adaptability, has garnered significant attention for its use in flexible strain sensors due to its capability to detect mechanical deformation. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of both the studies and recent advancements in PU foam-based strain sensors, particularly those incorporating conductive materials. The review begins by examining the chemical composition and structural characteristics of PU foam, followed by a discussion of various fabrication methods and their effects on sensor performance. It also explores the sensing mechanisms, including piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and capacitive effects. Moreover, key applications in motion detection, health monitoring, and environmental and industrial sensing are examined. Finally, the review addresses technological advancements, current challenges, and prospects.

摘要

聚氨酯（PU）泡沫以其结构的多样性、弹性、可压缩性和适应性而闻名，因其能够检测机械变形，在柔性应变传感器中的应用备受关注。本文综述了基于PU泡沫的应变传感器的研究及最新进展，特别是那些包含导电材料的传感器。综述首先考察了PU泡沫的化学成分和结构特征，接着讨论了各种制造方法及其对传感器性能的影响。还探讨了传感机制，包括压阻效应、压电效应和电容效应。此外，还研究了在运动检测、健康监测以及环境和工业传感方面的关键应用。最后，综述阐述了技术进步、当前挑战和前景。