Tan Binwen, Xie Yangqiu, Peng Hang, Wang Miaomiao, Zhu Wei, Xu Lili, Cheng Yiran, Wang Yi, Zeng Jian, Fan Xing, Sha Lina, Zhang Haiqin, Qin Peng, Zhou Yonghong, Wu Dandan, Li Yinghui, Kang Houyang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 7;14(13):2077. doi: 10.3390/plants14132077.
Developing early-heading wheat cultivars is an important breeding strategy to utilize light and heat resources, facilitate multiple-cropping systems, and enhance annual grain yield. Keng (2 = 2 = 14, NsNs) possesses numerous agronomically beneficial traits for wheat improvement, such as early maturity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we found that a cytogenetically stable wheat- 7Ns disomic addition line showed (9-11 days) earlier heading and (8-10 days) earlier maturation than its wheat parents. Morphological observations of spike differentiation revealed that the 7Ns disomic addition line developed distinctly faster than its wheat parents from the double ridge stage. To explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the early heading, we performed transcriptome analysis at four different developmental stages of the 7Ns disomic addition line and its wheat parents. A total of 10,043 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during spike development. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were linked to the carbohydrate metabolic process, photosynthesis, response to abscisic acid, and the ethylene-activated signaling pathway. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were involved in plant hormone signal transduction (, , , , , and ), starch and sucrose metabolism ( and ), photosynthetic antenna proteins (), and circadian rhythm (, , , , and ) pathways. In addition, several DEGs annotated as transcription factors (TFs), such as bHLH, bZIP, MADS-box, MYB, NAC, SBP, WRKY, and NF-Y, may be related to flowering time. Our findings reveal spike development-specific gene expression and critical regulatory pathways associated with early heading in the wheat- 7Ns addition line, and provide a new genetic resource for further dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying the heading date in wheat.
培育早熟小麦品种是利用光热资源、促进多熟种植系统和提高年粮食产量的重要育种策略。粳型小麦（2n = 2x = 14，NsNs）具有许多对小麦改良有益的农艺性状，如早熟以及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。在本研究中，我们发现一个细胞遗传学稳定的小麦-7Ns二体附加系抽穗期比其小麦亲本早（9 - 11天），成熟期早（8 - 10天）。对穗分化的形态学观察表明，7Ns二体附加系从二棱期开始发育明显快于其小麦亲本。为了探究抽穗早的潜在分子机制，我们在7Ns二体附加系及其小麦亲本的四个不同发育阶段进行了转录组分析。在穗发育过程中总共鉴定出10043个差异表达基因（DEGs）。基因本体（GO）富集分析表明，这些DEGs与碳水化合物代谢过程、光合作用、脱落酸响应和乙烯激活信号通路有关。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析表明，这些DEGs参与植物激素信号转导（、、、、和）、淀粉和蔗糖代谢（和）、光合天线蛋白（）以及昼夜节律（、、、和）途径。此外，一些注释为转录因子（TFs）的DEGs，如bHLH、bZIP、MADS-box、MYB、NAC、SBP、WRKY和NF-Y，可能与开花时间有关。我们的研究结果揭示了穗发育特异性基因表达以及与小麦-7Ns附加系抽穗早相关的关键调控途径，并为进一步剖析小麦抽穗期的分子机制提供了新的遗传资源。
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