Chang Qingxia, Xiong Hongchun, Guo Huijun, Xie Yongdun, Zhao Linshu, Gu Jiayu, Li Huiyuan, Zhao Shirong, Ding Yuping, Zhang Yumei, Liu Luxiang
College of Agriculture, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China.
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/CAEA Research and Development Centre on Nuclear Technology Applications for Irradiation Mutation Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China.
Mol Breed. 2025 Jun 18;45(7):57. doi: 10.1007/s11032-025-01580-2. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Heading date (HD) is a critical agronomic trait that influences wheat's adaptation to environmental conditions and plays a pivotal role in yield stability. In this study, an early-heading mutant was identified following γ-ray irradiation of the wild type (WT) wheat variety Jing411. This mutant headed 2-3 days earlier than the WT, with no significant differences in other yield-related traits. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA), genetic linkage analysis of the F population from a cross between the WT and mutant, and phenotypic validation in F lines were used to finely map the HD gene to a 12.4-Mb region on chromosome 5B. Transcriptome analysis of developing spikes from both WT and at three key developmental stages revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins, suggesting a potential role in photosynthetic regulation. Within the mapped region, six high-probability candidate genes were identified based on sequence variation and expression patterns. Functional annotation, supported by studies of homologs in other species, highlighted three genes encoding serine proteases, bromodomain-containing protein, and UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase as the most likely regulators of HD. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic regulation of HD in wheat and support the development of new wheat varieties with optimized heading times.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-025-01580-2.
抽穗期（HD）是一个关键的农艺性状，它影响小麦对环境条件的适应性，并在产量稳定性方面发挥关键作用。在本研究中，通过对野生型（WT）小麦品种京411进行γ射线辐照，鉴定出一个早抽穗突变体。该突变体比野生型早抽穗2 - 3天，其他产量相关性状无显著差异。利用混合分组分析法（BSA）、野生型与突变体杂交F群体的遗传连锁分析以及F株系的表型验证，将HD基因精细定位到5B染色体上一个12.4 Mb的区域。对野生型和突变体在三个关键发育阶段的发育穗进行转录组分析，发现差异表达基因（DEGs）在与光合作用和光合天线蛋白相关的途径中显著富集，表明其在光合调控中可能发挥作用。在定位区域内，根据序列变异和表达模式鉴定出六个高概率候选基因。通过对其他物种同源物的研究支持的功能注释，突出了三个编码丝氨酸蛋白酶、含溴结构域蛋白和尿苷三磷酸 - 葡萄糖 - 1 - 磷酸尿苷酰转移酶的基因是最有可能的HD调控因子。这些发现为小麦HD的遗传调控提供了有价值的见解，并支持开发抽穗时间优化的新小麦品种。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s11032-025-01580-2获取的补充材料。
