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用于测量超低磁场的自制三轴磁通门磁力计的关键设计与特性表征方法

Critical Design and Characterization Methodology for a Homemade Three-Axis Fluxgate Magnetometer Measuring Ultra-Low Magnetic Fields.

作者信息

Can Hava, Kutlu Fatma Nur Çelik, Svec Peter, Skorvanek Ivan, Sözeri Hüseyin, Doğan Çetin, Topal Uğur

机构信息

TÜBİTAK National Metrology Institute (UME), 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey.

Department of Electronic Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;25(13):3971. doi: 10.3390/s25133971.

DOI:10.3390/s25133971
PMID:40648225
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12251998/
Abstract

This paper presents the design, fabrication, calibration, and comprehensive characterization of a homemade tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer. The magnetometer, utilizing a ring core configuration, was developed to measure ultra-low magnetic fields with high sensitivity and stability. Critical stages from material selection to sensor geometry optimization are discussed in detail. A series of critical characterization processes were conducted, including zero-field voltage determination, scale factor calculation, resolution measurement, noise analysis, bias assessment, cross-field effect evaluation, temperature dependency, and bandwidth determination. The sensor demonstrated a minimum detectable magnetic field resolution of 2.2 nT with a noise level of 1.1 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz. Temperature dependency tests revealed minimal impact on sensor output with a maximum shift of 120 nT in the range of 60 °C, which was effectively compensated through calibration to less than 5 nT. Additionally, the paper introduces a model function in matrix form to relate the magnetometer's output voltage to the measured magnetic field, incorporating temperature dependency and cross-field effects. This work highlights the importance of meticulous calibration and optimization in developing fluxgate magnetometers suitable for various applications, from space exploration to biomedical diagnostics.

摘要

本文介绍了一种自制三轴磁通门磁力计的设计、制造、校准及全面表征。该磁力计采用环形磁芯结构，旨在以高灵敏度和稳定性测量超低磁场。详细讨论了从材料选择到传感器几何形状优化的关键步骤。进行了一系列关键的表征过程，包括零场电压测定、比例因子计算、分辨率测量、噪声分析、偏差评估、交叉场效应评估、温度依赖性和带宽测定。该传感器在1 Hz时的最小可检测磁场分辨率为2.2 nT，噪声水平为1.1 nT/√Hz。温度依赖性测试表明，在60°C范围内，传感器输出的最大偏移为120 nT，对传感器输出的影响最小，通过校准可有效将其补偿至小于5 nT。此外，本文还引入了一种矩阵形式的模型函数，将磁力计的输出电压与测量的磁场相关联，同时考虑了温度依赖性和交叉场效应。这项工作突出了在开发适用于从太空探索到生物医学诊断等各种应用的磁通门磁力计时，精心校准和优化的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/58ffb38937e2/sensors-25-03971-g019.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/58ffb38937e2/sensors-25-03971-g019.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/9ddea032e988/sensors-25-03971-g001.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/81415a448157/sensors-25-03971-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/a36abd4ebcb9/sensors-25-03971-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/85af2aaf2173/sensors-25-03971-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/ae3f791e99a6/sensors-25-03971-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/1bd28252ff7d/sensors-25-03971-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/f3ed0e5be615/sensors-25-03971-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/07590481ddd1/sensors-25-03971-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/8761681f96a9/sensors-25-03971-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/a182fe379819/sensors-25-03971-g017.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/0823a97bdf81/sensors-25-03971-g018.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/78cd/12251998/58ffb38937e2/sensors-25-03971-g019.jpg

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本文引用的文献

1
A 3-Axis Miniature Magnetic Sensor Based on a Planar Fluxgate Magnetometer with an Orthogonal Fluxguide.一种基于带有正交磁通引导器的平面磁通门磁力计的三轴微型磁传感器。
Sensors (Basel). 2015 Jun 19;15(6):14727-44. doi: 10.3390/s150614727.
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A magnetic sensor with amorphous wire.一种带有非晶态金属丝的磁传感器。
Sensors (Basel). 2014 Jun 17;14(6):10644-9. doi: 10.3390/s140610644.