Chanthapong Preeda, Maensiri Duangkamol, Rangsrisak Paweena, Jaiyan Thanee, Rahaeng Kanchit, Oraintara Atcha, Ratchaphonsaenwong Kunthaya, Sanitchon Jirawat, Theerakulpisut Piyada, Mahakham Wuttipong
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;15(13):1011. doi: 10.3390/nano15131011.
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by pv. (), poses a serious threat to rice cultivation. This study presents the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of the medicinal plant (L.) Urban and evaluates their potential as dual-function nanopesticides. The synthesized CA-ZnO NPs exhibited high crystallinity, a hexagonal to quasi-spherical morphology, and nanoscale dimensions (~22.5 nm), as confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and SAED analyses. These nanoparticles demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against a highly virulent, field-derived Thai strain, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 µg/mL. Mechanistic investigations revealed substantial membrane disruption, intracellular nanoparticle penetration, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in treated cells. Cytotoxicity testing using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) revealed excellent biocompatibility, with no statistically significant reduction in cell viability at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. In contrast, viability markedly declined at 1000 µg/mL. These findings underscore the selective antibacterial efficacy and minimal mammalian cytotoxicity of CA-ZnO NPs. Overall, CA-ZnO NPs offer a promising green nanopesticide platform that integrates potent antibacterial activity with biocompatibility, supporting future applications in sustainable crop protection and biomedical nanotechnology.
由稻黄单胞菌水稻致病变种（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）引起的水稻白叶枯病对水稻种植构成严重威胁。本研究介绍了使用药用植物美丽崖豆藤（Millettia speciosa Champ. (L.) Urban）的水叶提取物绿色合成氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs），并评估了它们作为双功能纳米农药的潜力。紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和选区电子衍射分析证实，合成的CA-ZnO NPs具有高结晶度、六边形到准球形的形态和纳米级尺寸（约22.5 nm）。这些纳米颗粒对一种高毒力的田间来源泰国菌株表现出强大的抗菌活性，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为8 μg/mL。机理研究表明，处理过的细胞存在大量膜破坏、细胞内纳米颗粒渗透和活性氧（ROS）生成增加的情况。使用人皮肤成纤维细胞（HDFs）进行的细胞毒性测试显示出优异的生物相容性，在浓度高达500 μg/mL时细胞活力没有统计学上的显著降低。相比之下，在1000 μg/mL时活力明显下降。这些发现强调了CA-ZnO NPs的选择性抗菌功效和最小的哺乳动物细胞毒性。总体而言，CA-ZnO NPs提供了一个有前景的绿色纳米农药平台，该平台将强大的抗菌活性与生物相容性相结合，为未来在可持续作物保护和生物医学纳米技术中的应用提供了支持。
