Evidente Antonio
Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
Molecules. 2025 Jun 30;30(13):2813. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132813.
Crop diseases negatively affect the quality and quantity of agricultural products, with significant economic and social consequences. These problems become emergencies in a world where the safe production of food for human health is becoming increasingly pressing. Microorganisms, including phytopathogenic fungi, are the main organisms responsible for these diseases, which cause devastating damage. Environmental pollution generated by human activities causes further significant reductions in agricultural production, as well as the expansion of metropolitan areas, and climate change. Phytotoxins produced by pathogenic fungi play a fundamental role in the induction of diseases by directly interfering with the physiological processes of agricultural plants. They are secondary metabolites that can belong to all the different classes of natural compounds, and their structures and biological activities have been extensively studied. These substances have often been shown to possess other interesting biological activities for potential applications both in agriculture and in other fields, such as biotechnology and medicine. This review focuses on phytotoxic α-pyrones produced by plant pathogenic fungi, describing in detail all their chemical and biological properties and, in some cases, the results of studies on their structure-activity relationship and on the potential practical applications in various sectors.
作物病害会对农产品的质量和产量产生负面影响，带来重大的经济和社会后果。在一个为人类健康安全生产粮食的需求日益迫切的世界里，这些问题已成为紧急情况。包括植物病原真菌在内的微生物是导致这些病害的主要生物体，会造成毁灭性破坏。人类活动产生的环境污染进一步大幅降低了农业产量，同时还导致了大都市地区的扩张以及气候变化。病原真菌产生的植物毒素通过直接干扰农作物的生理过程，在病害诱发中起着至关重要的作用。它们是次生代谢产物，可属于所有不同类别的天然化合物，其结构和生物活性已得到广泛研究。这些物质常常还显示出具有其他有趣的生物活性，在农业以及生物技术和医学等其他领域具有潜在应用价值。本综述聚焦于植物病原真菌产生的具有植物毒性的α-吡喃酮，详细描述了它们所有的化学和生物学特性，在某些情况下，还介绍了关于其构效关系以及在各个领域潜在实际应用的研究结果。
