Qi Bowen, Huang Man, Song Ming, Zhou Weijia, Tan Hua
Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jun 24;18(13):2997. doi: 10.3390/ma18132997.
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, low cost, and environmental sustainability. However, in practical applications, AZIBs are constrained by the adverse reactions originating from the zinc anodes, including dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction, corrosion, and passivation, which hinder their large-scale commercialization. Nowadays, alloying strategies have been recognized as efficient approaches to address these limitations and have gained significant attention. By introducing heterogeneous elements into Zn matrices, alloying strategies can suppress dendrite formation and side reactions, modulate the interfacial kinetic process, and enhance electrochemical stability. This review systematically discusses the advantages of alloying for Zn anodes, categorizes key design strategies, such as surface modifications, composite structures, functional alloying, gradient, and layered alloy designs, and meanwhile highlights their performance improvements. Furthermore, we suggest future directions for advanced alloy development, scalable fabrication design, and integrated system optimization. Alloy engineering represents a critical pathway toward high-performance, durable Zn anodes for next-generation AZIBs and other metal-ion batteries.
水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）因其固有的安全性、低成本和环境可持续性，已成为大规模储能领域颇具潜力的候选者。然而，在实际应用中，AZIBs受到锌负极引发的不良反应的限制，包括枝晶形成、析氢反应、腐蚀和钝化，这些阻碍了它们的大规模商业化。如今，合金化策略已被认为是解决这些限制的有效方法，并受到了广泛关注。通过将异质元素引入锌基体中，合金化策略可以抑制枝晶形成和副反应，调节界面动力学过程，并增强电化学稳定性。本文综述系统地讨论了锌负极合金化的优势，对表面改性、复合结构、功能合金化、梯度和层状合金设计等关键设计策略进行了分类，同时突出了它们在性能上的提升。此外，我们还提出了先进合金开发、可扩展制造设计和集成系统优化的未来方向。合金工程是实现下一代AZIBs和其他金属离子电池高性能、耐用锌负极的关键途径。
