Zhu Boyuan, Tang Jiahao, Yao Zhenjie, Cui Junjie, Hou Yangrui, Chen Jiarong, Tang Li, Fu Yongsheng, Zhang Wenyao, Zhu Junwu
Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
Chem Bio Eng. 2024 Jun 13;1(5):381-413. doi: 10.1021/cbe.4c00053. eCollection 2024 Jun 27.
Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems during post lithium-ion era, drawing attention for their environmental-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, high safety, and minimal manufacturing constraints. However, the long-standing roadblock to their commercialization lies in the dendrite growth and parasitic reactions (hydrogen evolution reaction and water-induced corrosion) of the metallic zinc anode, which strongly depends on the complicated interphasial chemistries. This review, with a focus on optimizing the zinc anode/electrolyte interphase, begins by elucidating the intrinsic factor of zinc ions' migration, diffusion, nucleation, electro-crystallization, and growth of the zinc nucleus in AZIBs, along with the underlying scientific principles. Then the electrochemical theories pertinent to the plating behavior of the interphase is systematically clarified, thereby enriching the understanding of how anode structure and electrolyte design principles relate to the electrode interphase. Accordingly, the rational strategies emphasizing structural engineering of the zinc anode and electrolyte have been summarized and discussed in detail. The mechanisms, advances, drawbacks, and future outlook of these strategies are analyzed for the purpose of fabricating a chemically and electrochemically stable interphase. Finally, the challenging perspectives and major directions of zinc anode are proposed. This review is expected to shed light on developing high-performance Zn anodes for use in sustainable AZIBs.
水系锌离子电池（AZIBs）已成为锂离子时代之后大规模储能系统的有力候选者，因其环境友好、成本效益高、安全性高以及制造限制最小而备受关注。然而，其商业化的长期障碍在于金属锌负极的枝晶生长和寄生反应（析氢反应和水致腐蚀），这在很大程度上取决于复杂的界面化学。本综述聚焦于优化锌负极/电解质界面，首先阐明了水系锌离子电池中锌离子迁移、扩散、成核、电结晶以及锌核生长的内在因素，以及潜在的科学原理。然后系统地阐明了与界面镀覆行为相关的电化学理论，从而加深了对负极结构和电解质设计原理与电极界面之间关系的理解。相应地，总结并详细讨论了强调锌负极和电解质结构工程的合理策略。分析了这些策略的机理、进展、缺点和未来展望，旨在构建化学和电化学稳定的界面。最后，提出了锌负极面临的挑战和主要发展方向。本综述有望为开发用于可持续水系锌离子电池的高性能锌负极提供启示。
