Pan Anli, Gu Xijuan, Ming Wenjun, Zhang Jing, Jiang Wenjun, Zhang Yuming, Wang Shanshan, Qin Yuling, Wu Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Analysis and Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
Mikrochim Acta. 2025 Jul 12;192(8):500. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07263-1.
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by myocardial necrosis due to acute or persistent ischemia and hypoxia of cardiac muscle. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of AMI can significantly mitigate mortality rates and disability. Currently, troponin is the primary diagnostic marker for clinical detection of AMI. However, a discernible abnormal elevation of troponin is not detectable until 3-4 h after the onset of AMI. Hence, it is urgent to develop more sensitive biomarkers capable of predicting early indications. MicroRNAs hold great potential as novel markers in the early diagnosis of AMI due to their early appearance and specificity. Research has demonstrated that certain microRNAs can be detected within 1 h following the onset of acute myocardial infarction. To facilitate early differentiation of AMI progression, numerous state-of-the-art techniques have been developed for efficient detection of AMI-derived microRNAs. This review provides an in-depth examination of the diverse potential microRNA markers along with their detection methodologies over the past eight years, emphasizing the technical advantages, limitations, and future prospects.
急性心肌梗死（AMI）是全球范围内发病率和死亡率极高的最严重心血管疾病，其特征是由于心肌急性或持续性缺血缺氧导致心肌坏死。急性心肌梗死的早期诊断和及时治疗可显著降低死亡率和致残率。目前，肌钙蛋白是临床检测急性心肌梗死的主要诊断标志物。然而，在急性心肌梗死发病后3 - 4小时才能检测到肌钙蛋白明显异常升高。因此，迫切需要开发更敏感的能够预测早期迹象的生物标志物。微小RNA因其出现早且具有特异性，在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中作为新型标志物具有巨大潜力。研究表明，在急性心肌梗死发病后1小时内即可检测到某些微小RNA。为便于急性心肌梗死进展的早期鉴别，已开发出众多先进技术用于高效检测急性心肌梗死衍生的微小RNA。本综述深入探讨了过去八年中各种潜在的微小RNA标志物及其检测方法，强调了技术优势、局限性和未来前景。
