Herrero-Alonso Diego, Maíllo-Fernández José-Manuel, Abellán-Beltrán Natalia, Moral Macarena, González-Molina Irene, Solano-Megías Irene, Luzón-Ruiz Sofía, Marín Juan, Álvarez-Vena Adrián, Martín-Perea David, Neira Ana, Bernaldo de Quirós Federico, Tarriño Andoni
Grupo de Estudos de Arqueoloxía, Antigüidade e Territorio (GEAAT), Dpto. de Historia, Arte e Xeografía, Universidade de Vigo, Edificio de Facultades As Lagoas, s/n, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Dpto. de Geologia, Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Folhadela, Portugal.
Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 7, Madrid 28040, Spain; IDEA, The Institute of Human Evolution in Africa, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, C/ Covarrubias 36, Madrid 28010, Spain.
J Hum Evol. 2025 Aug;205:103715. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103715. Epub 2025 Jul 11.
This study explores the mobility and raw material circulation of Neanderthals at the El Castillo cave, located in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, with a particular focus on flint. The levels analyzed (XXab-XXf1.1) date between 45 and 70 ka BP, corresponding to the Mousterian period and, in some cases, to the Vasconian facies. Most of the flint varieties are of local origin (<10-30 km), but six additional sources have been identified, both regionally (30-120 km) and tracer (120-250 km), as well as a variety that would fall under the supertracer range (>250 km). These findings provide insights into patterns of lithic resource acquisition. Based on these data, together with the technotypological data and the quantitative representation of the different varieties of raw materials, it is proposed that the territory of these Neanderthals was larger than expected. Beyond their home range, they may have had an even larger 'social territory,' covering more than 600 km in length, from the Oviedo basin (Piedramuelle flint) to the Adour River (Tercis flint), including the Upper Ebro Basin (Treviño flint). Furthermore, this broad geographical region and the dates from the levels at El Castillo align with the spatial distribution of the Mousterian with cleavers or the Vasconian. The technotypological analysis of these assemblages suggests that the Vasconian may be more closely related to a broad view of the group and the sharing of ideas, rather than representing a strictly defined technological tradition.
本研究探讨了位于伊比利亚半岛北部的埃尔卡斯蒂略洞穴中尼安德特人的迁徙情况和原材料流通情况，特别关注燧石。所分析的地层（XXab - XXf1.1）年代在距今4.5万至7万年之间，对应莫斯特时期，在某些情况下还对应巴斯孔期相。大多数燧石品种原产于当地（<10 - 30公里），但已确定了另外六个来源，既有区域内的（30 - 120公里），也有追踪源的（120 - 250公里），还有一个品种属于超追踪源范围（>250公里）。这些发现为石器资源获取模式提供了见解。基于这些数据，连同技术类型学数据以及不同原材料品种的定量表示，有人提出这些尼安德特人的活动范围比预期的要大。在其家园范围之外，他们可能有一个更大的“社交领地”，长度超过600公里，从奥维耶多盆地（彼德拉穆埃勒燧石）到阿杜尔河（特尔西斯燧石），包括上埃布罗盆地（特雷维尼奥燧石）。此外，这个广阔的地理区域以及埃尔卡斯蒂略洞穴地层的年代与带有砍斫器的莫斯特文化或巴斯孔文化的空间分布相吻合。对这些组合的技术类型学分析表明，巴斯孔文化可能与该群体的更广泛观念和思想共享关系更为密切，而不是代表一种严格定义的技术传统。
