Buzzi Belle, Buttar Burhan, Groener Yasmine, Damaj M Imad
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2025 Oct;255:174061. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2025.174061. Epub 2025 Jul 10.
Commencement of smoking at an early age increases the number of cigarettes smoked per day and decreases the likelihood of successful cessation later in life. To date, little is known about the effects that adolescent nicotine exposure has on aspects of nicotine dependence in adulthood. In this study, we examined the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on nicotine reward and withdrawal in adulthood. Adolescent mice [postnatal day (PND) 28-34] were exposed to nicotine short-term (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.) twice a day for one day) or repeatedly (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, s.c. twice daily for seven days). In adulthood (PND 70) these mice were implanted with osmotic nicotine minipumps for 14 days and 24 h later spontaneous nicotine withdrawal affective (anxiety-like behavior and hyperalgesia) and physical (somatic signs) signs were assessed. Short-term pre-exposure to nicotine during adolescence did not produce alterations in affective or physical nicotine withdrawal signs in adulthood. However, repeated nicotine exposure during adolescence partially reduced nicotine withdrawal signs in adulthood but increases nicotine reward in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Interestingly, adult mice exposed to chronic nicotine (0.5 mg/kg,s.c. twice daily for seven days) did not affect nicotine withdrawal signs and reward later in adulthood. This mouse study highlights nicotine exposure during the unique period of adolescence as an important factor for nicotine dependence later in life.
早年开始吸烟会增加每日吸烟量，并降低日后成功戒烟的可能性。迄今为止，对于青少年接触尼古丁对成年期尼古丁依赖各方面的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们检测了青少年接触尼古丁对成年期尼古丁奖赏和戒断的影响。将青春期小鼠[出生后第（PND）28 - 34天]短期（0.5毫克/千克，皮下注射（s.c.），每天两次，共一天）或反复（0.1和0.5毫克/千克，皮下注射，每天两次，共七天）暴露于尼古丁。成年期（PND 70）时，给这些小鼠植入渗透式尼古丁微型泵14天，24小时后评估自发尼古丁戒断的情感（类似焦虑行为和痛觉过敏）和身体（躯体症状）症状。青春期短期预先接触尼古丁并未导致成年期情感或身体尼古丁戒断症状出现改变。然而，青春期反复接触尼古丁可部分减轻成年期尼古丁戒断症状，但在条件性位置偏爱（CPP）试验中增加尼古丁奖赏。有趣的是，成年小鼠长期接触尼古丁（0.5毫克/千克，皮下注射，每天两次，共七天）对成年后期的尼古丁戒断症状和奖赏没有影响。这项小鼠研究强调了青春期这一独特时期接触尼古丁是成年后期尼古丁依赖的一个重要因素。
