Vayenas Constantinos G, Tsousis Dionysios G, Martino Eftychia
Academy of Athens, Athens, 10679, Greece.
University of Patras, Patras, 26504, Greece.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 12;15(1):25232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10229-1.
This article presents a model which describes the catalytic gravitational action between positrons, electrons and ambient neutrinos for the generation of quarks, protons and neutrons, i.e. for the generation of visible matter. This gravitational catalysis model, termed the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM), contains no adjustable parameters and leads to quantitative agreement with the experimental hadron and boson mass values. Thus, the article examines three gravitating neutrinos rotating on a circle around a positron or electron or neutrino and shows that, surprisingly, the three rotating neutrinos reach highly relativistic speeds with a concomitant dramatic relativistic increase in their masses which thus increase from the meV/c range and reach the mass range of quarks and hadrons, i.e. the GeV/c range. Using this Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) one finds that the total mass of the rotating neutrino trio equals the mass of a baryon, e.g. of a neutron if the central particle is a neutrino, or of a proton if the central particle is a positron. This simple hadronization mechanism shows the feasibility of electron-positron catalyzed neutrino hadronization which is extremely exothermic and which may have played and continues to play a significant role in the history of our Universe. In this way, positrons and electrons can accelerate ambient neutrinos to super-relativistic speeds, thus causing a very strong increase in their masses which reach those of quarks, and a concomitant dramatic relativistic increase in their gravitational attraction which reaches the value of the Strong Force. Whereas catalysis in chemistry and biology is based on electrostatic forces, in the present case of catalysis in nuclear physics, the neutrino conversion to quarks and hadrons is based on gravitational forces, computed via the brilliant legacy of Newton, Einstein, De Broglie and Bohr.
本文提出了一个模型，该模型描述了正电子、电子与环境中微子之间的催化引力作用，用于产生夸克、质子和中子，即用于产生可见物质。这个引力催化模型，称为旋转轻子模型（RLM），不包含可调参数，并且在强子和玻色子质量实验值方面达成了定量一致。因此，本文研究了围绕正电子、电子或中微子在圆周上旋转的三个引力中微子，并表明，令人惊讶的是，这三个旋转中微子达到了极高的相对论速度，同时其质量伴随着显著的相对论性增加，从而从毫电子伏特/光速的范围增加到夸克和强子的质量范围，即吉电子伏特/光速的范围。使用这个旋转轻子模型（RLM）可以发现，旋转中微子三重态的总质量等于一个重子的质量，例如，如果中心粒子是中微子，则等于中子的质量；如果中心粒子是正电子，则等于质子的质量。这种简单的强子化机制表明了电子 - 正电子催化中微子强子化的可行性，这种强子化极其放热，并且可能在我们宇宙的历史中已经发挥并将继续发挥重要作用。通过这种方式，正电子和电子可以将环境中微子加速到超相对论速度，从而使其质量大幅增加至夸克的质量，同时其引力吸引力也伴随着显著的相对论性增加，达到强力的值。虽然化学和生物学中的催化作用基于静电力，但在当前核物理催化的情况下，中微子向夸克和强子的转化基于引力，这是通过牛顿、爱因斯坦、德布罗意和玻尔的卓越遗产计算得出的。
