Zhu Jicun, Li Tiandong, Chen Jiajun, Xue Wenhua, Liang Shuhong, Xie Chen, Han Xiting, Hao Weiwei, He Yixin, Qiao Gaoxing, Duan Xiaoran, Li Lifeng, Zhao Jie
National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.
Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.
BMC Cancer. 2025 Jul 12;25(1):1168. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-14578-y.
In recent years, the incidence of early-onset cancers among individuals under 50 years of age has been on the rise. We aimed to analyze the disease burden and temporal trends of early-onset cancers in China, providing a basis for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies.
We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to describe the changes in early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The age-standardized average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated using the Joinpoint regression program.
From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of all early-onset cancers in China increased by 150.72 per 100,000, while the mortality and DALY rates decreased by 4.30 per 100,000 and 279.34 per 100,000, respectively. In 2021, early-onset breast cancer had the highest incidence rate (17.14 per 100,000), and trachea/bronchus/lung cancer had the highest mortality rate (6.15 per 100,000) and DALY rate (292.48 per 100,000). The standardized DALY rate of all early-onset cancers decreased (AAPC = -1.49%, 95% CI: -1.51% to -1.46%), while multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous cell tumors, malignant neoplasm of bone and articular cartilage, kidney cancer, and mesothelioma showed significant increases with AAPC of 4.14% (4.01-4.28%), 3.83% (3.77-3.88%), 1.20% (1.16-1.25%), 0.65% (0.58-0.73%), and 0.33% (0.29-0.37%), respectively. Tobacco consumption (23.01%) was the primary contributor to the disease burden of early-onset cancers in males, whereas unsafe sexual behavior (10.53%) was the primary contributor in females.
The mortality and DALY rate of early-onset cancers in China decreased, while the incidence rate increased. Trachea/bronchus/lung cancer is one of the most severe early-onset cancers, and effective measures need to be taken against the main risk factors.
近年来，50岁以下个体中早发性癌症的发病率呈上升趋势。我们旨在分析中国早发性癌症的疾病负担和时间趋势，为政策制定者制定适当策略提供依据。
我们利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据来描述1990年至2021年中国早发性癌症的变化，包括发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。使用Joinpoint回归程序估计年龄标准化平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）。
1990年至2021年，中国所有早发性癌症的发病率每10万人增加150.72例，而死亡率和DALY率分别每10万人下降4.30例和279.34例。2021年，早发性乳腺癌的发病率最高（每10万人17.14例），气管/支气管/肺癌的死亡率最高（每10万人6.15例）和DALY率最高（每10万人292.48例）。所有早发性癌症的标准化DALY率下降（AAPC = -1.49%，95%CI：-1.51%至-1.46%），而多发性骨髓瘤、神经母细胞瘤和其他周围神经细胞瘤、骨和关节软骨恶性肿瘤、肾癌和间皮瘤则显著增加，AAPC分别为4.14%（4.01-4.28%）、3.83%（3.77-3.88%）、1.20%（1.16-1.25%）、0.65%（0.58-0.73%）和0.33%（0.29-0.37%）。烟草消费（23.01%）是男性早发性癌症疾病负担的主要贡献因素，而不安全的性行为（10.53%）是女性的主要贡献因素。
中国早发性癌症的死亡率和DALY率下降，而发病率上升。气管/支气管/肺癌是最严重的早发性癌症之一，需要针对主要危险因素采取有效措施。
