Fungal 4-Hydroxy-2-Pyridone alkaloids: Structures, synthesis, biosynthesis, and bioactivities (2010-2024).

4-Hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids are a significant class of natural products with notable biological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, attracting increasing research interest in recent years. The continuous isolation of novel 4-hydroxy-2-pyridones has significantly broadened the scope of this compound class. To provide a comprehensive understanding of their current research status and potential applications in human health, this review summarizes 133 novel 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids from fungi reported between 2010 and 2024, and explores their chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and bioactivities. By synthesizing valuable insights and data, this article aims to support and inform ongoing research endeavors focused on 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone and its potential therapeutic applications, serving as a resource for scientists interested in drug discovery and development.