Jaén-Carrillo Diego, Ruiz-Alias Santiago A, García-Pinillos Felipe
Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Cam. de Alfacar, 21, Norte, 18071, Granada, Spain.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jul 13. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05840-z.
This study aimed to assess the effects of three flat running surfaces (i.e. athletic track, road, and gravel) on the critical power (CP) parameters and running patterns of highly trained trail runners. Within a two-week timeframe, thirteen male and seven female trail runners underwent three testing sessions to evaluate CP and the work over CP (W'). Each session comprised two time trials of 9 and 3 minutes, separated by a 30-min rest, in which a Stryd running power meter was used to collect the data. The CP and W' were subsequently determined using the inverse of time linear CP model. There were no significant differences in CP across the different surfaces (F= 1.4; p = 0.253). However, significant differences were found in W' (F= 3.8; p = 0.032). Specifically, athletes displayed a higher W' on the track compared to gravel (1.8 [0.2 to 3.4] kJ, p = 0.026), and higher, though non-significant, W' on the road compared to gravel (0.9 [-0.7 to 2.5] kJ, p = 0.478). Regarding the running patterns, the athletes displayed lower duty factor on the track compared to gravel (-1.1 [-2.2 to -0.1] %; p = 0.030) as well as on the road compared to gravel (-1.1 [-2.0 to -0.1] %; p = 0.019). In conclusion, the CP remained stable across surfaces, whereas W' was reduced on gravel compared to track and road. The differences in W' were accompanied by significant changes in the athletes' running patterns. Specifically, athletes exhibited a lower duty factor on the track and road compared to gravel, resulting in a more aerial running form.
本研究旨在评估三种平坦跑步路面（即田径跑道、道路和砾石路面）对训练有素的越野跑运动员的临界功率（CP）参数和跑步模式的影响。在两周的时间内，13名男性和7名女性越野跑运动员进行了三次测试，以评估CP和CP以上的功（W'）。每次测试包括两次时长分别为9分钟和3分钟的计时赛，中间休息30分钟，在此期间使用Stryd跑步功率计收集数据。随后使用时间线性CP模型的倒数来确定CP和W'。不同路面的CP没有显著差异（F = 1.4；p = 0.253）。然而，W'存在显著差异（F = 3.8；p = 0.032）。具体而言，与砾石路面相比，运动员在跑道上的W'更高（1.8 [0.2至3.4] 千焦，p = 0.026），与砾石路面相比，在道路上的W'虽更高但不显著（0.9 [-0.7至2.5] 千焦，p = 0.478）。关于跑步模式，与砾石路面相比，运动员在跑道上的步幅率更低（-1.1 [-2.2至-0.1] %；p = 0.030），在道路上与砾石路面相比也更低（-1.1 [-2.0至-0.1] %；p = 0.019）。总之，CP在不同路面上保持稳定，而与跑道和道路相比，砾石路面上的W'降低。W'的差异伴随着运动员跑步模式的显著变化。具体而言，与砾石路面相比，运动员在跑道和道路上的步幅率更低，导致跑步姿势更轻盈。
