Ahmad Dilshad, Bibi Ismat, Majid Farzana, Kamal Shagufta, Lim Sooman, Alwadai Norah, Raza Qasim, Aamir Muhammad, Nazir Arif, Iqbal Munawar
Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
Department of Physics, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan.
RSC Adv. 2025 Jul 10;15(30):24223-24235. doi: 10.1039/d5ra02304a.
Designing a magnetically recyclable and visible-light-driven photocatalyst is of great importance in environmental remediation. Realizing efficient removal of persistent azo dyes from industrial wastewater is still a major challenge for researchers. In this context, herein, novel CuAlO and N/rGO nanohybrids, CA-N/GO(1-4), were synthesized an ultrasonic method and assessed for their efficiency toward the photocatalytic removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from simulated polluted water under visible irradiation. Crystalline phase, morphology and functional groups of the synthesized materials were examined using XRD, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively, while their magnetic and optical behaviors were tested using VSM, PL and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. XRD results showed that the cubic spinel phase of pure CuAlO (CAO) exhibited a 57.32 nm mean crystallite size that was altered upon substitution of N/rGO in the composites. SEM images revealed the successful incorporation of CAO nanoparticles in N/rGO sheets. CuAlO-N/rGO4 (CA-N/GO4) catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency (, 82.6% removal of dye in 90 min), which was significantly higher than those of pure CAO and N/rGO. After optimizing the reaction conditions, almost complete removal of dye was achieved for 30 mg L of catalyst dosage at pH = ∼10. This robust photocatalytic performance might be attributed to N/rGO, which hindered the recombination of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the surface area and providing more active sites for dye adsorption. A possible mechanism of CV degradation was proposed using different scavenging agents. Structural stability and practical utility of the used CA-N/GO4 catalyst were assessed after four continuous runs, which demonstrated good outcomes. Thus, these results reveal that the novel and magnetically separable CA-N/GO4 nanohybrid has a remarkable prospect for the elimination of toxic dyes from industrial sewage water under visible irradiation.
设计一种可磁回收且可见光驱动的光催化剂对于环境修复具有重要意义。实现从工业废水中高效去除持久性偶氮染料仍是研究人员面临的一项重大挑战。在此背景下，本文采用超声法合成了新型的CuAlO和N/rGO纳米杂化物CA-N/GO(1-4)，并评估了它们在可见光照射下对模拟污染水中结晶紫（CV）染料的光催化去除效率。分别使用XRD、SEM和FTIR光谱对合成材料的晶相、形貌和官能团进行了检测，同时使用VSM、PL和紫外可见光谱技术测试了它们的磁性和光学行为。XRD结果表明，纯CuAlO（CAO）的立方尖晶石相平均晶粒尺寸为57.32 nm，在复合材料中用N/rGO替代后发生了变化。SEM图像显示CAO纳米颗粒成功地掺入到N/rGO片中。CuAlO-N/rGO4（CA-N/GO4）催化剂表现出优异的催化效率（90分钟内染料去除率达82.6%），显著高于纯CAO和N/rGO。优化反应条件后，在pH = ∼10、催化剂用量为30 mg L时几乎实现了染料的完全去除。这种强大的光催化性能可能归因于N/rGO，它阻碍了电子-空穴对的复合，从而增加了表面积并为染料吸附提供了更多活性位点。使用不同的清除剂提出了CV降解的可能机制。在连续运行四次后评估了所用CA-N/GO4催化剂的结构稳定性和实际效用，结果良好。因此，这些结果表明，新型的可磁分离CA-N/GO4纳米杂化物在可见光照射下从工业污水中去除有毒染料方面具有显著的前景。
