Savolainen Eero Heikki Johannes, Ihalainen Johanna Kaarina, Weckström Kristoffer, Vänttinen Tomi, Walker Simon
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Biol Sport. 2025 Jan 24;42(3):109-117. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.146780. eCollection 2025 Jul.
This study investigated 1) possible differences in physical qualities between national team selected and non-selected female football players specific to playing position and 2) possible between-position differences in physical qualities specific to competition level (national team selected and non-selected players separately). One-hundred eight-six female players from Finland's senior and youth national teams (n = 85) and Finland's national league teams (n = 101) participated in this cross-sectional study. The following field tests were used to characterize physical qualities of the players: 30-meter sprint test with 10-meter split time for speed, countermovement jump (CMJ) for lower-body power, and 1200-meter shuttle running test (i.e. Bronco test) was used to calculate maximal aerobic speed (MAS). National team selected central- and wide-defenders and central-midfielders were faster (g = 0.74-0.94, p = 0.042-0.007) in 10-meter sprint-time and central-midfielders and forwards were faster in 30-meter sprint-time (g = 0.73-0.81, p = 0.047-0.033) compared to non-selected counterparts. Selected wide-midfielders jumped higher in CMJ (g = 0.72, p = 0.048) than non-selected counterparts. Selected central- and wide-midfielders and forwards had higher MAS (g = 0.63-1.68, p = 0.037-0.001) than non-selected counterparts. Between-position analysis revealed that selected wide-midfielders reached higher CMJ height than central-midfielders and achieved higher MAS than central-defenders. Non-selected wide-defenders were faster for 30-meter sprint time than central-defenders, central-midfielders, and forwards. Physical qualities, especially speed, differentiate national team selected players from non-selected players. Between-position differences varied between groups, but players with better physical qualities played in wide-positions in both groups.
1）入选国家队和未入选国家队的女子足球运动员在身体素质方面可能存在的、与比赛位置相关的差异；2）在不同比赛水平（分别针对入选国家队和未入选国家队的球员）下，身体素质在不同位置之间可能存在的差异。来自芬兰成年国家队和青年国家队（n = 85）以及芬兰国家联赛球队（n = 101）的186名女球员参与了这项横断面研究。采用以下场地测试来表征球员的身体素质：30米短跑测试（记录10米分段时间以测定速度）、立定跳远（CMJ）以测定下肢力量，以及1200米穿梭跑测试（即野马测试）来计算最大有氧速度（MAS）。与未入选的同位置球员相比，入选国家队的中后卫、边后卫和中场球员10米短跑时间更快（g = 0.74 - 0.94，p = 0.042 - 0.007），中场球员和前锋30米短跑时间更快（g = 0.73 - 0.81，p = 0.047 - 0.033）。入选的边中场球员立定跳远跳得更高（g = 0.72，p = 0.048）。入选的中中场、边中场球员和前锋的最大有氧速度更高（g = 0.63 - 1.68，p = 0.037 - 0.001）。位置间分析表明，入选的边中场球员立定跳远高度高于中中场球员，最大有氧速度高于中后卫。未入选的边后卫30米短跑速度比中后卫、中中场球员和前锋更快。身体素质，尤其是速度，将入选国家队的球员与未入选的球员区分开来。位置间差异在不同组之间有所不同，但在两组中身体素质较好的球员都司职边路位置。
