Manzi Vincenzo, Cardinale Daniele A, Perrone Marco Alfonso, Bovenzi Antonio, Iellamo Ferdinando, Savoia Cristian, Caminiti Giuseppe, Laterza Francesco
Department of Education and Sports Sciences, Pegaso Open University, 80143 Naples, Italy.
Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 114 33 Stockholm, Sweden.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Jun 10;13(6):181. doi: 10.3390/sports13060181.
Physiological characteristics such as VO, running economy (RE), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), maximal sprinting speed (MSS), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), and player profiling (based on MSS and MAS) have been proven to be important for training prescriptions in football. However, previous studies on player profiling have neglected the absolute values of MSS and MAS. The objectives of this study were to compare the aforementioned physiological variables among player roles, create benchmarks, and provide normative data to help coaches categorize players, ultimately proposing a new player profiling method. We analyzed 195 male professional football players (50 forwards, 59 midfielders, 44 full-backs, and 42 center-backs). Multivariate analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc tests revealed positional differences. Center-backs exhibited lower VO than midfielders and full-backs. Both center-backs and forwards showed poorer RE and MAS compared to midfielders and full-backs. Full-backs achieved higher MSS than midfielders and center-backs, and forwards outperformed center-backs. Finally, midfielders demonstrated lower ASR than all other positions. Benchmarks based on T-scores for all variables were provided. Finally, in the new profiling method proposed-also based on T-scores-players were classified as "speed", "endurance", or "hybrid" if their MAS and/or MSS T-score exceeded 60, "in development" if both were below 45, and "average" if both scores were between 45 and 60 without any value above 60. The normative data provided can assist coaches in identifying specific areas for improvement in players' physical conditioning-particularly valuable for youth athletes or those returning from injury. Additionally, the new profiling method offers insights into individual player characteristics, enabling more tailored and effective training interventions.
诸如最大摄氧量（VO）、跑步经济性（RE）、最大有氧速度（MAS）、最大冲刺速度（MSS）、无氧速度储备（ASR）以及球员剖析（基于MSS和MAS）等生理特征已被证明对足球训练处方很重要。然而，先前关于球员剖析的研究忽略了MSS和MAS的绝对值。本研究的目的是比较上述生理变量在不同球员角色之间的差异，创建基准，并提供规范数据以帮助教练对球员进行分类，最终提出一种新的球员剖析方法。我们分析了195名男性职业足球运动员（50名前锋、59名中场球员、44名边后卫和42名中后卫）。采用Tukey事后检验的多变量方差分析揭示了位置差异。中后卫的VO低于中场球员和边后卫。与中场球员和边后卫相比，中后卫和前锋的RE和MAS都较差。边后卫的MSS高于中场球员和中后卫，前锋的表现优于中后卫。最后，中场球员的ASR低于所有其他位置。提供了基于所有变量T分数的基准。最后，在同样基于T分数提出的新剖析方法中，如果球员的MAS和/或MSS T分数超过60，则被归类为“速度型”、“耐力型”或“混合型”；如果两者都低于45，则为“发展中”；如果两个分数都在45到60之间且没有任何值超过60，则为“平均型”。所提供的规范数据可以帮助教练确定球员体能状况中需要改进的特定领域——这对年轻运动员或伤病恢复后的运动员尤其有价值。此外，新的剖析方法能够洞察球员的个体特征，从而实现更具针对性和有效性的训练干预。
