Olvera Holly L, Bossert Andrew, Koster Megan, Stover Camille, Mannen Erin M
Biomedical Engineering Doctoral Program Boise State University.
Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University.
Can J Respir Ther. 2025 Jul 11;61:157-165. doi: 10.29390/001c.141257. eCollection 2025.
Approximately 3,500 infants die of a sleep-related incident a year in the United States. Although safe sleep guidelines have been implemented, infants are still at risk from many commercial products. Breathing-related injuries or suffocation are of serious concern for younger infants exposed to soft product materials, yet respiration-related measures of these common materials are unknown.
Nine healthy young adults' respiratory patterns were evaluated while breathing into materials commonly used in infant products. Breathing rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), heart rate, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were collected using a Capnostream 35. Participants lay prone with their faces in contact with each material for ten-minute trials. Three baseline trials, where participants could breathe freely with no obstruction, were collected for comparison (ANOVA (p < 0.05), Tukey post-hoc comparisons).
The 100% cotton and 50/50 (cotton/polyester) materials both resulted in significant changes in EtCO2 and SpO2, while the 10/90 (spandex/polyester) resulted in only a significant change in SpO2, and no significant changes were detected for the 100% polyester material. Mean respiratory rate decreased and mean heart rate increased significantly for all materials.
EtCO2 and SpO2 are important considerations for suffocation risk when breathing into the selected materials. Even during this short time period, infants with more vulnerable respiratory systems and less robust arousal responses than the adults in this study will be at higher risk.
Conscious efforts should be made to prevent infants from interacting with soft goods microenvironments that inhibit normal breathing while using infant products.
在美国，每年约有3500名婴儿死于与睡眠相关的事件。尽管已实施了安全睡眠指南，但婴儿仍面临许多商业产品带来的风险。对于接触柔软产品材料的较小婴儿而言，与呼吸相关的损伤或窒息是严重问题，然而这些常见材料的呼吸相关指标尚不清楚。
评估了9名健康年轻成年人在向婴儿产品常用材料中呼气时的呼吸模式。使用Capnostream 35收集呼吸频率、呼气末二氧化碳（EtCO2）、心率和血氧饱和度（SpO2）。参与者俯卧，面部与每种材料接触，进行10分钟的试验。收集了三次基线试验的数据，即参与者可无障碍自由呼吸的数据，用于比较（方差分析（p < 0.05），Tukey事后比较）。
100%纯棉和50/50（棉/聚酯）材料均导致EtCO2和SpO2发生显著变化，而10/90（氨纶/聚酯）材料仅导致SpO2发生显著变化，100%聚酯材料未检测到显著变化。所有材料的平均呼吸频率均降低，平均心率均显著升高。
在向所选材料中呼气时，EtCO2和SpO2是窒息风险的重要考量因素。即使在这段短时间内，与本研究中的成年人相比，呼吸系统更脆弱、唤醒反应更不强烈的婴儿将面临更高风险。
应切实努力防止婴儿在使用婴儿产品时与抑制正常呼吸的柔软物品微环境相互作用。
