Ma Mei, Jing Guangchan, Tian Yue, Yin Ruiying, Zhang Mengren
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, https://ror.org/04jztag35Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2025 Jul 15;27:e23. doi: 10.1017/erm.2025.10014.
Irisin is a glycosylated polypeptide hormone derived from muscles that plays a crucial role in learning and memory by promoting the growth of hippocampal neurons, thereby influencing cognitive function.
Despite increasing evidence, a comprehensive understanding of the exact role of irisin remains elusive, necessitating further research to unravel the complex mechanisms through which irisin influences cognitive function and to explore therapeutic approaches targeting irisin.
A literature review was performed by searching PubMed for articles published between 2012 and 2024, using the keywords ‘fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5)’, ‘irisin’, ‘cognitive impairment’, ‘Alzheimer’s disease’, ‘Age-related cognitive dysfunction’ and ‘Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction’, combined with Boolean operators (AND/OR).
This review highlighted the potential impact of irisin on cognitive function in the context of ageing, diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. The anti-cognitive impairment effects of irisin are associated with the regulation of energy metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta deposition, synaptogenesis and plasticity. The signalling pathways through which irisin improves cognitive impairment are complex and highly regulated processes, involving multiple signalling pathways such as the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, ERK-STAT3 signalling pathway, cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway.
This review delves into the positive effects of irisin on cognitive impairment, examines the signalling pathways related to fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5)/irisin and provides future perspectives for research on the anti-cognitive impairment effects of irisin.
鸢尾素是一种源自肌肉的糖基化多肽激素，通过促进海马神经元的生长在学习和记忆中发挥关键作用，从而影响认知功能。
尽管证据越来越多，但对鸢尾素的确切作用仍缺乏全面了解，需要进一步研究以阐明鸢尾素影响认知功能的复杂机制，并探索针对鸢尾素的治疗方法。
通过在PubMed上搜索2012年至2024年发表的文章进行文献综述，使用关键词“含III型纤连蛋白结构域5（FNDC5）”、“鸢尾素”、“认知障碍”、“阿尔茨海默病”、“年龄相关性认知功能障碍”和“糖尿病相关性认知功能障碍”，并结合布尔运算符（AND/OR）。
本综述强调了鸢尾素在衰老、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病背景下对认知功能的潜在影响。鸢尾素的抗认知障碍作用与能量代谢、胰岛素抵抗、炎症、氧化应激、淀粉样β蛋白沉积、突触发生和可塑性的调节有关。鸢尾素改善认知障碍的信号通路是复杂且高度调控的过程，涉及多种信号通路，如腺苷单磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路、核因子κB（NF-κB）信号通路、ERK-STAT3信号通路、cAMP/PKA/CREB信号通路和Nrf2/HO-1信号通路。
本综述深入探讨了鸢尾素对认知障碍的积极作用，研究了与含III型纤连蛋白结构域5（FNDC5）/鸢尾素相关的信号通路，并为鸢尾素抗认知障碍作用的研究提供了未来展望。
