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m6A去甲基化酶FTO在弓形虫感染后调节人巨噬细胞中TNF-α的表达。

The m6A demethylase FTO regulates TNF-α expression in human macrophages following Toxoplasma gondii infection.

作者信息

Qin Min, Gao Nan, Sun Jierui, Lin Shuqing, Hu Tingting, Liu Xinjian, Zhang Rong, Wang Yong, Qiu Jingfan

机构信息

Key Laboratory for Pathogen Infection and Control of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

出版信息

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jul 15;19(7):e0013289. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013289. eCollection 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an opportunistic parasite. After infection, macrophages finely regulate the immune response to restrict parasite proliferation. It is well-known that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a critical role in fine-tuning gene expression. To investigate whether m6A modification is involved in regulating the anti-infection immune response in human macrophages against T. gondii, this study utilized T. gondii tachyzoites from the RH strain to infect human THP-1 macrophages. qPCR and ELISA results show that T. gondii infection mounted the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Transcriptomic data suggest that the infection of T. gondii induced differential gene expression in pathways associated with TNF signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Meanwhile, expression of m6A regulators were evaluated using qPCR and Western blotting. T. gondii infection increased the abundance of m6A demethylase FTO and methyltransferase WTAP. Joint analysis of RNA-seq and m6A-seq data was utilized for enriching differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significantly altered m6A modifications. Intriguingly, following T. gondii infection, the m6A levels of DEGs associated with toxoplasmosis, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly different. The m6A-IP-qPCR assay further confirmed that T. gondii infection led to the decrease in the levels of m6A modification in the 3'UTR and 5'UTR regions of TNF-α mRNA. Knocking-down of FTO retarded the infection induced-decrease in the levels of m6A modification in TNF-α transcripts, accompanied by dampened immune response and uncontrolled T. gondii proliferation. Furthermore, the YTHDF2 RIP assay indicates that T. gondii infection remarkably weakened the binding of YTHDF2 to TNF-α mRNA, which could mount TNF-α expression by inhibiting the degradation of TNF-α mRNA. Overall, these findings suggest that m6A plays a role in the T. gondii infection-induced immune response in human macrophages, uncovering a new molecular mechanism for the regulation of TNF-α expression from an epitranscriptomic aspect.

摘要

刚地弓形虫是一种机会性寄生虫。感染后,巨噬细胞精细调节免疫反应以限制寄生虫增殖。众所周知,N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)在微调基因表达中起关键作用。为了研究m6A修饰是否参与调节人类巨噬细胞针对刚地弓形虫的抗感染免疫反应,本研究利用RH株的刚地弓形虫速殖子感染人类THP-1巨噬细胞。qPCR和ELISA结果显示,刚地弓形虫感染增加了TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的表达。转录组数据表明,刚地弓形虫感染诱导了与TNF信号传导和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用相关途径中的差异基因表达。同时,使用qPCR和蛋白质印迹法评估m6A调节因子的表达。刚地弓形虫感染增加了m6A去甲基化酶FTO和甲基转移酶WTAP的丰度。利用RNA-seq和m6A-seq数据的联合分析来富集m6A修饰发生显著改变的差异表达基因(DEG)。有趣的是,刚地弓形虫感染后,与弓形虫病、TNF信号通路和NF-κB信号通路相关的DEG的m6A水平存在显著差异。m6A-IP-qPCR分析进一步证实,刚地弓形虫感染导致TNF-α mRNA的3'UTR和5'UTR区域中m6A修饰水平降低。敲低FTO可延缓感染诱导的TNF-α转录本中m6A修饰水平的降低,同时伴随着免疫反应减弱和刚地弓形虫增殖不受控制。此外,YTHDF2 RIP分析表明,刚地弓形虫感染显著削弱了YTHDF2与TNF-α mRNA的结合,这可通过抑制TNF-α mRNA的降解来增加TNF-α的表达。总体而言,这些发现表明m6A在人类巨噬细胞中刚地弓形虫感染诱导的免疫反应中起作用,从表观转录组学角度揭示了调节TNF-α表达的新分子机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c15c/12282902/2b55faad7f1c/pntd.0013289.g001.jpg

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