Pacaphol Kamonwan, Katemake Pichayada, Bankeeree Wichanee, Tse Nicole
Department of Imaging and Printing Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 15;15(1):25536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-05812-5.
The absorbent materials used for biocleaning in art conservation requires continuous development, particularly in enhancing their capability to deliver enzymes and aqueous solutions for cleaning artwork surfaces. In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) was developed as a carrier for enzyme delivery systems. Various dehydration techniques were applied to transform the BNC hydrogel into xerogel, cryogel, and aerogel to evaluate their performances in liquid reloading and the properties of the rehydrated structures. The results showed that the aerogel demonstrated excellent shape recovery within 2 h and achieved approximately 80% water uptake within 4 h. The hydrogel from liquid-loaded aerogel maintained its elasticity and plastic deformation damping properties. This hydrogel exhibited a slow-release property without creating stains beyond the working area for placement times on aged-sized canvas shorter than 120 min. This is useful knowledge to control the delivery of cleaning solutions for unstable collection surfaces. Moreover, it showed high performance in enzyme immobilization by primarily releasing the α-amylase matrix rather than its solvent, as evidenced by a higher maltose concentration compared to the cotton pad (used as a control sample). This finding suggests the feasibility of using BNC aerogel as an absorbent material for enzyme loading and delivery in biocleaning applications.
艺术品保护中用于生物清洁的吸收材料需要不断改进，特别是在提高其为清洁艺术品表面输送酶和水溶液的能力方面。在本研究中，细菌纳米纤维素（BNC）被开发为酶递送系统的载体。应用了各种脱水技术将BNC水凝胶转化为干凝胶、冷冻凝胶和气凝胶，以评估它们在液体再加载方面的性能以及再水化结构的性质。结果表明，气凝胶在2小时内表现出优异的形状恢复能力，4小时内吸水率达到约80%。负载液体的气凝胶形成的水凝胶保持了其弹性和塑性变形阻尼特性。对于放置在老化尺寸画布上且放置时间短于120分钟的情况，这种水凝胶具有缓释特性，不会在工作区域之外产生污渍。这对于控制不稳定收藏表面清洁溶液的输送是有用的知识。此外，与棉垫（用作对照样品）相比，通过主要释放α-淀粉酶基质而非其溶剂，它在酶固定化方面表现出高性能，麦芽糖浓度更高证明了这一点。这一发现表明，在生物清洁应用中使用BNC气凝胶作为酶负载和递送的吸收材料是可行的。
