Anwar Ashraf M, Alshammakh Mohammed S, Eyaz Mohammed, Al-Katheri Alaa, Abdelfattah Ayman N, Ali Maryam A M, Albakri Ibrahim
Department of Cardiology, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense Health Services, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Cardiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2025 Jul 16. doi: 10.1007/s10554-025-03463-1.
The close relationship between left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) dynamics is defined as coupling. The left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) assessment may reflect LV dysfunction and differentiate between normal and abnormal LV function. This study aims to establish the normal reference values of LACI based on age and sex using Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The study included 975 healthy subjects (mean age 51.2 ± 18 years, 51.6% females) with good 2DE image quality for measuring end-diastolic volumes of both LA and LV. LACI was calculated as the ratio of LA to LV end-diastolic volumes and expressed as a percentage. Subjects were divided into 4 age groups (Group I: 14-39 years, Group II: 40-59 years, Group III: 60-79 years and Group IV: ≥ 80 years). LACI measurements were obtained through offline analysis of 2DE apical views in a short time (1.5 ± 0.3 min) with excellent inter and intraobserver agreement. In the overall population, the mean LACI was 16.4 ± 7.3% significantly higher in females (17.3 ± 7.9%) than males (15.4 ± 6.6%); P < 0.001. In both sexes, increasing age was associated with a significant increase in LACI (P < 0.0001); particularly between the youngest and oldest age groups. Using 2DE, measuring LACI is feasible and reliable. Normal LACI values have been established by gender and age in a large population. Age and gender should be taken into account when defining the normal reference values for LACI.
左心房（LA）与左心室（LV）动力学之间的密切关系被定义为耦合。左房室耦合指数（LACI）评估可能反映左心室功能障碍，并区分正常和异常的左心室功能。本研究旨在使用二维超声心动图（2DE）建立基于年龄和性别的LACI正常参考值。该研究纳入了975名健康受试者（平均年龄51.2±18岁，51.6%为女性），其2DE图像质量良好，可用于测量LA和LV的舒张末期容积。LACI计算为LA与LV舒张末期容积之比，并以百分比表示。受试者分为4个年龄组（I组：14 - 39岁，II组：40 - 59岁，III组：60 - 79岁，IV组：≥80岁）。通过对2DE心尖视图进行离线分析，在短时间内（1.5±0.3分钟）获得LACI测量值，观察者间和观察者内一致性良好。在总体人群中，平均LACI为16.4±7.3%，女性（17.3±7.9%）显著高于男性（15.4±6.6%）；P < 0.001。在两性中，年龄增加均与LACI显著增加相关（P < 0.0001）；尤其是最年轻和最年长年龄组之间。使用2DE测量LACI是可行且可靠的。已在大量人群中按性别和年龄建立了LACI的正常参考值。在定义LACI的正常参考值时应考虑年龄和性别。
