McGlone J J
J Anim Sci. 1985 Sep;61(3):559-65.
Twenty prepubertal Yorkshire X Hampshire pigs were mixed in groups of four. Their behaviors were recorded on video tape for 48 h, and a detailed behavioral analysis was performed. Aggressive interactions of 10 unique pairs of pigs were observed. Twenty-five distinct behavioral categories were identified in the total data set, which contained 1,846 behaviors. On average, an interacting pair showed 92 behavioral elements (range: 10 to 307). Eighty-one percent of the behaviors observed consisted of bites and pushes given and received. Bites were targeted mainly at the ears (55%), face (17%) and neck (23%). Most bites to the rump and turning the body 180 degrees occurred during the last third of the fight. Pigs that eventually won fights showed higher incidences of ear bites and lower incidences than expected of head-under-head pushing and body-turning. Pigs that lost fights showed higher frequencies of head-under-head pushing and body-turning. Losers also showed a lower frequency of rump biting. Overall, many of the behaviors performed by the losing pigs were followed by the loser receiving an ear bite. Body-turning was a sign of submission and was always preceded by, and often followed, ear-biting. Once a pig showed body-turning, it generally avoided further face-to-face interaction. Behaviors exhibited as signs of submission were found in each of the 10 pairs observed.
20只青春期前的约克夏×汉普郡猪被分成每组4只进行混养。它们的行为被录像记录48小时，并进行了详细的行为分析。观察到10对独特的猪之间的攻击性行为。在总共包含1846种行为的数据集里识别出了25个不同的行为类别。平均而言，一对互动的猪表现出92种行为元素（范围：10至307种）。观察到的行为中81%包括给予和接受的咬和推。咬主要针对耳朵（55%）、面部（17%）和颈部（23%）。大多数咬臀部和身体旋转180度的行为发生在打斗的最后三分之一阶段。最终赢得打斗的猪耳部被咬的发生率较高，而头部下压推搡和身体旋转的发生率低于预期。输掉打斗的猪头部下压推搡和身体旋转的频率较高。输家臀部被咬的频率也较低。总体而言，输家猪表现出的许多行为之后都会遭到耳部被咬。身体旋转是屈服的标志，总是在耳部被咬之前出现，且常常随后发生。一旦猪出现身体旋转，它通常会避免进一步的面对面互动。在观察到的10对猪中，每一对都出现了作为屈服标志的行为。
