Kurup Milin J, Agrawal Amit, Temple Sarah R, Galwankar Sagar
OMS-II, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA.
Department of Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarker Research, University of Florida McKnight Brain Institute Neuroproteomics, Neurotrauma, and Biomarker Research Program, Gainesville, FL, USA.
J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2025 Apr-Jun;18(2):74-89. doi: 10.4103/jets.jets_76_24. Epub 2025 Jun 19.
As traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) continue to rise annually, scientists are continuing to improve point-of-care (POC) testing, involved in TBI diagnosis. TBIs, having various levels of severity, are often misdiagnosed or overlooked, especially in acute mild TBI or concussion scenarios. At the POC, currently, medical professionals utilize neuroimaging, cognitive scales, and biomarker assays to diagnose concussions and other forms of TBI. However, many of these parameters hinder diagnostic value due to accessibility and time-sensitive restraints. After analyzing the profuse research surrounding time sensitive concussion biomarkers kinetics, in the National Institute of Health National Library of Medicine database, this review aims to compile all published research on concussion POC biomarkers, screened between 2022 and 2023. Commonly studied concussion POC biomarkers include ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, visinin-like protein-1, S100 calcium-binding protein B, tau, and neurofilament light chain. Each neurologic biomarker has various implications and limitations when characterizing TBI. Novel biomarkers and multimodal paired concussion parameter models are continuously being evaluated for their respective diagnostic strengths and weaknesses.
随着创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的年发病率持续上升，科学家们不断改进用于TBI诊断的即时检验（POC）。TBI严重程度各异，常被误诊或忽视，尤其是在急性轻度TBI或脑震荡的情况下。目前在即时检验中，医学专业人员利用神经影像学、认知量表和生物标志物检测来诊断脑震荡和其他形式的TBI。然而，由于可及性和时间敏感性限制，这些参数中的许多都妨碍了诊断价值。在分析了美国国立医学图书馆数据库中围绕时间敏感型脑震荡生物标志物动力学的大量研究后，本综述旨在汇总2022年至2023年间筛选出的所有关于脑震荡即时检验生物标志物的已发表研究。常用的脑震荡即时检验生物标志物包括泛素C末端水解酶L1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、类视黄醇蛋白-1、S100钙结合蛋白B、tau蛋白和神经丝轻链。在表征TBI时，每种神经生物标志物都有不同的意义和局限性。新型生物标志物和多模式配对脑震荡参数模型的各自诊断优缺点也在持续评估中。
