Rayat Dilpreet, Miller Jack, Richardson-Solorazano Stephanie, King Rylee E, West Valerie C, Su Alvin W, Parreno Justin
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Delaware.
Department of Orthopedics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware.
bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 26:2025.06.20.660742. doi: 10.1101/2025.06.20.660742.
Cell-based transplantation therapies, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), are used to treat focal cartilage defects caused by trauma or degeneration. In ACI, chondrocytes are isolated from non-load-bearing regions of healthy cartilage regions and then sent to a cell manufacturing laboratory, where they are expanded for cell number in monolayer culture. Once a large number of cells are obtained, they are transported to the clinic for reimplantation into the defect site. The storage and transport conditions from cell manufacturing to implantation may be a critical time that could influence cell viability and redifferentiation potential. Although hypothermic storage at sub-physiological temperatures is commonly used to preserve cell viability, long-term storage of cartilage under hypothermic conditions can impair chondrocyte viability and function. However, the impact of short-term, acute hypothermic storage on passaged chondrocytes remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that acute hypothermic storage negatively impacts passaged chondrocyte viability and reduces the capacity for redifferentiation. Passaged chondrocytes were stored either in monolayer culture or in suspension at 36, 19 or 8°C. In monolayer culture, hypothermic temperatures preserved cell viability with no difference compared to storage at 36°C for up to three days. Additionally, hypothermic temperatures promoted cell rounding, reduced proliferative capacity, depolymerized filamentous actin, and led to a slight reduction in the mRNA levels of specific matrix molecules compared to 36°C. Intriguingly, the effects of hypothermia were context-dependent. Exposure of passaged cells in suspension to hypothermia promoted the maintenance of cell viability and reduced aggregation compared to 36°C. When stored at 8°C in suspension, passaged cells exhibited enhanced expression of specific matrix molecule mRNA levels compared to cells at 36°C in suspension. Subsequently, when passaged cells in suspension at 8°C were seeded in 3D within adherent agarose molds, there was an increase in aggrecan expression 10 days after seeding. The tissues formed by cells stored in suspension at 9°C were thicker and stained more intensely for aggrecan. Therefore, in contrast to our hypothesis, we found that hypothermic storage did not have a negative impact; when stored for 1 day in suspension, it had lasting effects on matrix deposition. The storage of passaged chondrocytes under hypothermic conditions may be beneficial for ACI, warranting further investigations of cell hypothermic storage for repair.
基于细胞的移植疗法,如自体软骨细胞植入术(ACI),用于治疗由创伤或退变引起的局灶性软骨缺损。在ACI中,软骨细胞从健康软骨区域的非承重部位分离出来,然后送往细胞制造实验室,在那里它们在单层培养中进行扩增以增加细胞数量。一旦获得大量细胞,就将它们运送到诊所重新植入缺损部位。从细胞制造到植入的储存和运输条件可能是一个关键时期,可能会影响细胞活力和再分化潜能。虽然在亚生理温度下低温储存通常用于维持细胞活力,但在低温条件下长期储存软骨会损害软骨细胞的活力和功能。然而,短期急性低温储存对传代软骨细胞的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。我们测试了以下假设:急性低温储存会对传代软骨细胞活力产生负面影响,并降低再分化能力。传代软骨细胞在单层培养或悬浮状态下分别于36、19或8°C储存。在单层培养中,低温保存细胞活力,与在36°C储存长达三天相比没有差异。此外,与36°C相比,低温导致细胞变圆,增殖能力降低,丝状肌动蛋白解聚,并导致特定基质分子的mRNA水平略有降低。有趣的是,低温的影响取决于环境。与36°C相比,悬浮状态下的传代细胞暴露于低温下可促进细胞活力的维持并减少聚集。当在8°C悬浮储存时,传代细胞与在36°C悬浮的细胞相比,特定基质分子mRNA水平表达增强。随后,当在8°C悬浮的传代细胞接种到附着的琼脂糖模具内的三维环境中时,接种10天后聚集蛋白聚糖表达增加。在9°C悬浮储存的细胞形成的组织更厚,聚集蛋白聚糖染色更强烈。因此,与我们的假设相反,我们发现低温储存没有负面影响;当在悬浮状态下储存1天时,它对基质沉积有持久影响。传代软骨细胞在低温条件下储存可能对ACI有益,值得进一步研究细胞低温储存用于修复。
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