Magadmi Rania
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Future Sci OA. 2025 Dec;11(1):2528490. doi: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2528490. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, is characterized by recurring seizures due to atypical neural activity, impacting millions globally. Epileptic seizures are the sudden, involuntary jerking or trembling movements caused by abnormal neural activity and may lead to damage in the brain or other parts of the body. Although epilepsy is usually manageable with anti-seizure medications (ASMs), a considerable subset of patients experiences drug resistance or suboptimal treatment responses, highlighting the need for a more elaborate approach to therapy. Studies show that genetic factors significantly influence not only the susceptibility to epilepsy but also the variability in individual responses to ASMs. This signifies the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing treatment guidelines based on genetic profiles. This review examines the pharmacogenetic factors influencing the efficacy and safety of anti-ASMs in Arab populations. In populations across Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Iraq, genetic testing for variants in genes like , , , , , , , and can predict drug resistance, and response, improve drug dosing, and minimize ADRs. Clinicians can personalize therapy by employing specific genetic markers associated with drug metabolism and efficacy, leading to better treatment outcomes and reduced risk of drug-induced complications.
癫痫是一种常见的神经系统疾病，其特征是由于异常神经活动导致反复发作的癫痫发作，全球有数百万人受其影响。癫痫发作是由异常神经活动引起的突然、不由自主的抽搐或颤抖运动，可能导致大脑或身体其他部位受损。尽管癫痫通常可以通过抗癫痫药物（ASMs）进行控制，但相当一部分患者会出现耐药性或治疗反应不佳的情况，这凸显了需要一种更精细的治疗方法。研究表明，遗传因素不仅显著影响癫痫易感性，还影响个体对ASMs反应的变异性。这表明个性化医疗在根据基因谱优化治疗指南方面的重要性。本综述探讨了影响阿拉伯人群中抗癫痫药物疗效和安全性的药物遗传学因素。在沙特阿拉伯、约旦、埃及、突尼斯和伊拉克等国家的人群中，对诸如 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 等基因变异进行基因检测，可以预测耐药性和反应、改善药物剂量并最小化不良反应。临床医生可以通过使用与药物代谢和疗效相关的特定基因标记来实现个性化治疗，从而获得更好的治疗效果并降低药物引起并发症的风险。
