Meng Weilong, Liu Yuchen, Zhang Changjiang, Zhan Xiaohong, Wang Yingkai, Yu Xinfang, Zhang Chunying, Wang Ningning, Ma Jian
Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130117, China.
Sanjiang Laboratory, Changchun, 130117, China.
Rice (N Y). 2025 Jul 16;18(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12284-025-00826-z.
Polyploidy plays a crucial role in plant evolution, as polyploid plants possess larger genomes compared to their diploid counterparts. This genomic expansion leads to changes in gene redundancy and interactions, which alter the physiological metabolism of polyploids. Carbohydrate metabolism is a crucial energy metabolism pathway in plants, significantly impacting plant growth and development. In this study, we employed multi-omics analysis to investigate the differences in carbohydrate metabolism between diploid and tetraploid flag leaves during both day and night periods at the grain-filling stage. Our results revealed significant differences in carbohydrate metabolism between diploid (GFD-2X) and autopolyploid (GFD-4X) rice during both day and night periods. Chromosome doubling resulted in GFD-4X exhibiting reduced sucrose catabolism during the daytime, while starch synthesis and catabolism were stronger in GFD-4X compared to GFD-2X during both daytime and nighttime. Additionally, the phosphorylation of monosaccharides was enhanced in GFD-4X, suggesting that changes in chromosome ploidy altered carbohydrate metabolism, thereby benefiting the regulation and redistribution of carbohydrates in tetraploid rice. Furthermore, analysis of respiration-related pathways indicated that tetraploid rice may have more vigorous respiratory activity. Specifically, GFD-4X exhibited enhanced glycolysis and TCA cycle activity at night, resulting in more efficient energy production, which in turn influenced growth and the developmental process. This study examined the regulatory networks of genes, proteins, and metabolites involved in carbohydrate metabolism in diploid and tetraploid rice during both day and night periods. Our findings offer insights into how chromosome ploidy affects carbohydrate metabolism and reveal the distinct growth and developmental mechanisms of tetraploid rice.
多倍体在植物进化中起着至关重要的作用，因为多倍体植物与其二倍体对应物相比拥有更大的基因组。这种基因组扩展导致基因冗余和相互作用的变化，从而改变了多倍体的生理代谢。碳水化合物代谢是植物中一种关键的能量代谢途径，对植物的生长和发育有重大影响。在本研究中，我们采用多组学分析来研究灌浆期二倍体和四倍体旗叶在白天和夜间碳水化合物代谢的差异。我们的结果显示，二倍体（GFD - 2X）和同源多倍体（GFD - 4X）水稻在白天和夜间的碳水化合物代谢存在显著差异。染色体加倍导致GFD - 4X在白天蔗糖分解代谢降低，而在白天和夜间，GFD - 4X的淀粉合成和分解代谢均比GFD - 2X更强。此外，GFD - 4X中单糖的磷酸化增强，表明染色体倍性的变化改变了碳水化合物代谢，从而有利于四倍体水稻中碳水化合物的调节和重新分配。此外，对呼吸相关途径的分析表明，四倍体水稻可能具有更旺盛的呼吸活动。具体而言，GFD - 4X在夜间糖酵解和三羧酸循环活性增强，从而产生更高效的能量，进而影响生长和发育过程。本研究考察了二倍体和四倍体水稻在白天和夜间参与碳水化合物代谢的基因、蛋白质和代谢物的调控网络。我们的研究结果为染色体倍性如何影响碳水化合物代谢提供了见解，并揭示了四倍体水稻独特的生长和发育机制。
