Antúnez Zayra, Vergara Rodrigo C, Rosa Sebastián, Zapata Javiera, Espinoza Wilson, Ortiz Natacha, Parra Loreto, Santander Jorge, Baader Tomas
Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Magíster en Psicología, Dirección de Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Sleep Sci. 2024 Oct 23;18(2):e165-e174. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1791239. eCollection 2025 Jun.
To detect and characterize sleep quality profiles and to analyze their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 1,861 Chilean students. After providing informed consent, the students filled out online questionnaires and received immediate feedback. Hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to detect sleep quality profiles, which were characterized using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate sleep quality profiles with mental health variables. The dendrogram revealed four distinct groups of interest, each with different patterns in the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results enabled us to establish four sleep quality profiles based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which were, in different ways, associated with the prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues. A profile of good sleeper was found, which presents good overall sleep quality and mild symptoms of mental health issues. The effective sleeper profile presents poor subjective sleep quality and good sleep efficiency, with mild symptoms of mental health issues. The poor sleeper profile presents poor overall sleep quality, sleeping between 5 and 6 hours and presenting moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sleeper with hypnotic use profile obtains the most deficient results in sleep quality and presents symptoms of severe mental health issues. The present study revealed a strong association and correlation between sleep quality profiles and mental health issues. Four distinct sleep quality profiles were identified, showing notable differences. This understanding enables the application of targeted preventive strategies according to each profile.
在1861名智利学生样本中检测并描述睡眠质量概况，并分析其与抑郁、焦虑和压力的关系。在获得知情同意后，学生们填写了在线问卷并收到即时反馈。进行分层聚类分析以检测睡眠质量概况，并使用克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验对其进行特征描述。使用皮尔逊相关系数将睡眠质量概况与心理健康变量进行关联。树形图揭示了四个不同的感兴趣组，每组在匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）子量表中具有不同模式。
结果使我们能够基于分层聚类分析建立四种睡眠质量概况，它们以不同方式与心理健康问题症状的患病率相关。发现了一种良好睡眠者概况，其总体睡眠质量良好且心理健康问题症状较轻。有效睡眠者概况表现为主观睡眠质量差但睡眠效率良好，心理健康问题症状较轻。睡眠不佳者概况表现为总体睡眠质量差，睡眠时间在5至6小时之间，并呈现中度抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。使用催眠药物的睡眠者概况在睡眠质量方面获得最不理想的结果，并呈现严重心理健康问题症状。
本研究揭示了睡眠质量概况与心理健康问题之间的强关联和相关性。确定了四种不同的睡眠质量概况，并显示出显著差异。这种认识有助于根据每种概况应用针对性预防策略。
