Cariani Peter, Baker Janet M
Hearing Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Front Comput Neurosci. 2025 Jul 2;19:1571109. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2025.1571109. eCollection 2025.
Here we present evidence for the ubiquity of fine spike timing and temporal coding broadly observed across sensory systems and widely conserved across diverse phyla, spanning invertebrates and vertebrates. A taxonomy of basic neural coding types includes channel activation patterns, temporal patterns of spikes, and patterns of spike latencies. Various examples and types of combination temporal-channel codes are discussed, including firing sequence codes. Multiplexing of temporal codes and mixed channel-temporal codes are considered. Neurophysiological and perceptual evidence for temporal coding in many sensory modalities is surveyed: audition, mechanoreception, electroreception, vision, gustation, olfaction, cutaneous senses, proprioception, and the vestibular sense. Precise phase-locked, phase-triggered, and spike latency codes can be found in many sensory systems. Temporal resolutions on millisecond and submillisecond scales are common. General correlation-based representations and operations are discussed. In almost every modality, there is some role for temporal coding, often in surprising places, such as color vision and taste. More investigations into temporal coding are well-warranted.
在此，我们展示了精细的尖峰时间和时间编码普遍存在的证据，这些现象在整个感觉系统中广泛观察到，并且在跨越无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的不同门类中广泛保守。基本神经编码类型的分类包括通道激活模式、尖峰的时间模式以及尖峰潜伏期模式。讨论了各种组合时间 - 通道编码的示例和类型，包括发放序列编码。考虑了时间编码的复用以及混合通道 - 时间编码。调查了许多感觉模态中时间编码的神经生理学和感知证据：听觉、机械感受、电感受、视觉、味觉、嗅觉、皮肤感觉、本体感觉和前庭感觉。在许多感觉系统中都可以发现精确的锁相、相位触发和尖峰潜伏期编码。毫秒和亚毫秒尺度的时间分辨率很常见。讨论了基于相关性的一般表示和操作。几乎在每种模态中，时间编码都发挥着某种作用，而且常常出现在令人惊讶的地方，比如颜色视觉和味觉。对时间编码进行更多研究是很有必要的。
