Progesterone receptors in rat brain and uterus: dependence on the hormonal milieu.

Cytosols were incubated from the hypothalamus and mid-brain and from the uterus, and incubated with [3H]progesterone alone or in the presence of excess radioinert steroid to reveal saturable binding sites. Bound and free hormone were separated by gel filtration. Scatchard analysis of the binding sites yielded evidence for only one class of binding sites of high affinity and limited capacity. The binding components in the hypothalamus and uterus appeared to fluctuate during the oestrous cycle, attaining a nadir at metoestrus, while those in the mid-brain were apparently unchanged. During pregnancy hypothalamic [3H]progesterone-binding sites appeared to lose affinity for the steroid while in the uterus the affinity for the steroid was unchanged but the absolute numbers of binding sites were greatly increased at day 10. It is concluded, both from studies of the properties intrinsic to the binding reaction and from endocrine correlates, that the macromolecular progesterone-binding components in the brain may be receptors for the hormone and that there may be differences between the properties of progesterone receptors in different tissues. Furthermore, during pregnancy there may be qualitative changes in the neural progesterone receptors which are not mediated by oestradiol.