Lestari Widya, Irfanita Nining, Haris Muhammad Salahuddin, Lin Galvin Sim Siang, Jaswir Irwandi, Darnis Deny Susanti, Ruziantee Nurul, Mazlan Nurzafirah, Idrus Erik, Amir Lisa Rinanda, Fadhlina Anis, Sheikh Hassan I, Arzmi Mohd Hafiz
Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 53100, Jalan Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
Odontology. 2025 Jul 17. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01155-9.
Gelatin-based scaffolds have garnered significant attention in dental tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM). This narrative review highlights recent advancements and applications of gelatin-based scaffolds for oral tissue regeneration. Various scaffold types, including hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, hybrid composites, crosslinked matrices, and microspheres, are discussed in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, fabrication techniques, and regenerative potential. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, for instance, exhibit favorable hydration and mechanical properties for endodontic regeneration, while electrospun nanofibers support enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation. Hybrid scaffolds incorporating ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), improve mechanical strength, making them suitable for alveolar bone regeneration. Key parameters influencing scaffold performance, including gelatin concentration, crosslinking density, pore size, and biofunctionalization, are also examined. Applications span dentin-pulp complex regeneration, periodontal therapy, and bone defect repair. Despite their promise, limitations, such as rapid degradation and mechanical weakness, necessitate optimization either through chemical modification or composite formation. The integration of emerging technologies, including bioprinting and smart biomaterials, may further enhance scaffold functionality. This review underscores gelatin's versatility and its pivotal role in shaping next-generation strategies for functional and biomimetic dental tissue restoration.
基于明胶的支架由于其生物相容性、生物可降解性以及与细胞外基质（ECM）的相似性，在牙科组织工程中受到了广泛关注。本叙述性综述重点介绍了基于明胶的支架在口腔组织再生方面的最新进展和应用。讨论了各种支架类型，包括水凝胶、电纺纳米纤维、混合复合材料、交联基质和微球，涉及它们的物理化学特性、制备技术和再生潜力。例如，甲基丙烯酰化明胶（GelMA）水凝胶在牙髓再生方面具有良好的水合作用和力学性能，而电纺纳米纤维则有助于增强细胞附着和增殖。包含陶瓷（如羟基磷灰石或β-磷酸三钙（β-TCP））的混合支架可提高机械强度，使其适用于牙槽骨再生。还研究了影响支架性能的关键参数，包括明胶浓度、交联密度、孔径和生物功能化。其应用涵盖牙本质-牙髓复合体再生、牙周治疗和骨缺损修复。尽管它们前景广阔，但存在诸如快速降解和机械强度不足等局限性，需要通过化学修饰或复合形成来进行优化。包括生物打印和智能生物材料在内的新兴技术的整合可能会进一步增强支架的功能。本综述强调了明胶的多功能性及其在塑造功能性和仿生牙科组织修复的下一代策略中的关键作用。
