Avcı Mahsum
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 17;13(1):802. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03125-w.
This study aimed to explore adolescents' experiences with substance use and to identify risk, preventive, and protective factors, as well as the intervention processes from their perspective.
Adopting a phenomenological qualitative approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 adolescents (ages 14-18) who had been using substances (excluding cigarettes and alcohol) for over one year. Participants were selected using criterion and snowball sampling methods. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis.
Analysis revealed four main themes and twelve sub-themes: Risk Factors (including peer influence, family dysfunction, and trauma/psychosocial adversity). Preventive Factors (such as adolescent awareness, family recognition, and school-based teacher leadership). Protective Factors (including social skills, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, and positive family interaction). Interventions (involving parent education, psychosocial interventions, and psychotherapies).
Findings indicated that adolescents' substance use is influenced by complex individual, familial, and environmental interactions. Moreover, the results highlight that both international literature and literature from Turkey converge in showing the negative biopsychosocial impacts of substance use among youth.
The study underscores the multifaceted nature of substance use among adolescents, pointing to the importance of developing culturally informed, multi-level interventions that target risk, reinforce protective mechanisms, and enhance access to treatment.
本研究旨在探索青少年的物质使用经历，从他们的角度识别风险、预防和保护因素，以及干预过程。
采用现象学定性研究方法，对21名年龄在14至18岁之间、使用物质（不包括香烟和酒精）超过一年的青少年进行了深入的半结构化访谈。参与者采用标准抽样和滚雪球抽样方法选取。数据通过主题分析进行分析。
分析揭示了四个主要主题和十二个子主题：风险因素（包括同伴影响、家庭功能失调和创伤/心理社会逆境）。预防因素（如青少年意识、家庭认知和学校教师领导力）。保护因素（包括社交技能、内在/外在动机和积极的家庭互动）。干预措施（包括家长教育、心理社会干预和心理治疗）。
研究结果表明，青少年的物质使用受到复杂的个人、家庭和环境相互作用的影响。此外，结果突出表明，国际文献和土耳其的文献都一致显示了青少年物质使用对生物心理社会的负面影响。
该研究强调了青少年物质使用的多面性，指出制定基于文化的多层次干预措施的重要性，这些措施针对风险、强化保护机制并增加治疗机会。
