Jakovljević Ivana, Horvat Tajana, Pehnec Gordana, Račić Nikolina, Dvoršćak Marija, Jagić Karla, Klinčić Darija
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2025 Jul 18. doi: 10.1093/etojnl/vgaf183.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic compounds with a high capacity for bioaccumulation and carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on human health. They can exist in both outdoor and indoor air. Indoors, except in the air, they can be bound to dust particles, and human intake occurs not only by inhalation but also by ingestion and dermal absorption of dust. Therefore, dust is an important source of human exposure to indoor carcinogenic contaminants. The aim of this research was to determine the contribution of individual PAHs in the total amounts of PAHs (ΣPAH) in dust collected inside cars and compare those concentrations with PAH concentrations and profiles in ambient air. Data on PAH concentrations in dust from the interior of 22 cars with diesel or gasoline engines was compared with the ambient concentration of PAHs bound to the PM10 particle fraction. The total concentration of 11 PAHs (Σ11PAH) in dust ranged from 0.39 µg g-1 to 12.1 µg g-1. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chry), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), and dibenzo(ah)anthracene (DahA) concentration in dust and ambient air. These PAHs are specific to diesel and gasoline combustion and originate from vehicle exhaust. The highest contribution in dust samples came from pyrene (Pyr) (26%), fluoranthene (Flu) (18%), and benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP) (14%), while in ambient air samples, the highest contribution was from benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) (16%), BghiP (13%) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) (15%). The contribution of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in total PAHs was 6% and 10% in dust and ambient air, respectively, while for other PAHs below 5% in dust samples and below 10% in particles. This study has shown that passengers in cars may be exposed to elevated levels of PAHs, but that the contribution of the most toxic PAHs (BaP and DahA) in car dust is lower than that of other PAHs.
多环芳烃（PAH）是一类具有高生物累积能力的有机化合物，对人类健康具有致癌和致突变作用。它们可存在于室外和室内空气中。在室内，除了空气中存在外，它们还可附着在灰尘颗粒上，人体摄入不仅通过吸入，还通过摄入灰尘和皮肤吸收。因此，灰尘是人类接触室内致癌污染物的重要来源。本研究的目的是确定汽车内收集的灰尘中各多环芳烃对多环芳烃总量（ΣPAH）的贡献，并将这些浓度与环境空气中的多环芳烃浓度及分布情况进行比较。将22辆柴油或汽油发动机汽车内部灰尘中的多环芳烃浓度数据与附着在PM10颗粒部分的环境多环芳烃浓度进行了比较。灰尘中11种多环芳烃（Σ11PAH）的总浓度范围为0.39 µg g-1至12.1 µg g-1。Spearman相关性分析显示，灰尘和环境空气中苯并（a）蒽（BaA）、 Chrysene（Chry）、苯并（k）荧蒽（BkF）和二苯并（ah）蒽（DahA）浓度之间存在显著正相关（p < 0.05）。这些多环芳烃是柴油和汽油燃烧所特有的，源自车辆尾气。灰尘样品中贡献最大的是芘（Pyr）（26%）、荧蒽（Flu）（18%）和苯并（ghi）苝（BghiP）（14%），而在环境空气样品中，贡献最大的是苯并（b）荧蒽（BbF）（16%）、BghiP（13%）和茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘（IP）（15%）。苯并（a）芘（BaP）在多环芳烃总量中的贡献在灰尘和环境空气中分别为6%和10%，而其他多环芳烃在灰尘样品中低于5%，在颗粒物中低于10%。本研究表明，车内乘客可能暴露于高水平的多环芳烃中，但汽车灰尘中毒性最强的多环芳烃（BaP和DahA）的贡献低于其他多环芳烃。
