埃及开罗东部养老院老年人年龄相关性黄斑变性的流行病学研究
Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration among elderly in geriatric homes, East Cairo, Egypt.
作者信息
Edarous Dina Hussien, Fahim Hoda I, Momen Mohamed, Shaat Ashraf Abd El-Salam, Manzour Ayat F
机构信息
Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Ophthalmology - Faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jul 18;25(1):2495. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23680-6.
BACKGROUND
Visual impairment is one of the main causes of years lived with disability among adults 65 and older worldwide, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). Both ageing and visual impairment are linked to an increased risk of falling, accounting for 40% of all injury-related deaths among older adults.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of AMD among a sample of elderly residing in geriatric homes, identify associated factors of AMD, and to find out the effect of AMD on fall frequency in the studied group.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 283 elderly people in thirty geriatric homes in East Cairo. Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire, and fundus examination for diagnosis.
RESULTS
The average age of study participants was 73.18 ± 7.09 (60–96) years. AMD was present in 12.7% of the patients. Early AMD was present in 58.4% of AMD patients, whereas 8.3% and 33.3% of the participants had late dry and late wet AMD, respectively. Bilateral AMD was found in 38.9%, compared to 61.1% who had unilateral AMD. Compared to other age groups, the prevalence of AMD was significantly higher in people aging 75 + years. About 47.2% of participants diagnosed with AMD were current smokers. Out of the participants diagnosed with AMD, 72.2% were diabetics and 91.7% were hypertensives. About 52.8% and 36.1% of AMD participants had moderate and high risk of fall according to the Morse Fall scale, respectively, while 52.7% and 30.6% of them had moderate and severe ADL impairment and scored below average in the IADL questionnaire compared to their normal peers.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of AMD in Egypt is higher than previously documented. The most common form of AMD was early, and the late wet variety was second. Important non-modifiable risk factors for AMD include advancing age, being a woman, and having a positive family history of the disease. Additionally, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension are important risk factors for AMD. Vitamin A consumption appears to offer some protection against AMD. Compared to older adults without AMD, AMD patients had a higher risk of falls and more impairment in ADL and IADL.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-23680-6.
背景
根据全球疾病负担研究（GBD），视力障碍是全球65岁及以上成年人残疾生活年数的主要原因之一。衰老和视力障碍都与跌倒风险增加有关，在老年人所有与伤害相关的死亡中占40%。
目的
确定居住在养老院的老年人群样本中年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的患病率，识别AMD的相关因素，并了解AMD对研究组跌倒频率的影响。
方法
对开罗东部30家养老院的283名老年人进行了一项横断面研究。使用结构化访谈问卷收集数据，并通过眼底检查进行诊断。
结果
研究参与者的平均年龄为73.18±7.09（60 - 96）岁。12.7%的患者患有AMD。早期AMD占AMD患者的58.4%，而分别有8.3%和33.3%的参与者患有晚期干性和晚期湿性AMD。38.9%的患者为双侧AMD，单侧AMD患者占61.1%。与其他年龄组相比，75岁及以上人群中AMD的患病率显著更高。在被诊断患有AMD的参与者中，约47.2%为当前吸烟者。在被诊断患有AMD的参与者中，72.2%患有糖尿病，91.7%患有高血压。根据莫尔斯跌倒量表，分别有52.8%和36.1%的AMD参与者有中度和高度跌倒风险，而与正常同龄人相比，他们中有52.7%和30.6%有中度和重度日常生活活动（ADL）障碍，在工具性日常生活活动（IADL）问卷中的得分低于平均水平。
结论
埃及AMD的患病率高于先前记录。AMD最常见的形式是早期，其次是晚期湿性。AMD重要的不可改变的风险因素包括年龄增长、女性以及有该病的阳性家族史。此外，吸烟、糖尿病和高血压是AMD重要的风险因素。摄入维生素A似乎对AMD有一定的预防作用。与没有AMD的老年人相比，AMD患者有更高的跌倒风险，并且在ADL和IADL方面有更多障碍。
补充信息
在线版本包含可在10.1186/s12889 - 025 - 23680 - 6获取的补充材料。
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