Kosaji Doua, Awad Mohammad I, Katmah Rateb, Jelinek Herbert F, Domingues M Fatima, Baguneid Mohamed, Alanazi Abeer, Khalaf Kinda
Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Khalifa University, PO. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineer Department, College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box: 59911, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2025 Jul 18;22(1):168. doi: 10.1186/s12984-025-01695-9.
The diabetic foot (DF) is a chief culprit behind significant preventable morbidity and mortality in type-2-diabetes patients and the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-extremity amputations. Despite the clinically well-understood pathways to ulceration, including neuropathy, ischemia, and infection, DF continues to impose a significant health and economic burden on patients and healthcare systems. Recent technological developments in sensing, smart miniaturized wearable technology, and artificial intelligence provide ample options for viable solutions. A continuous monitoring wearable system that alerts patients and healthcare providers could enhance current detection and management protocols. Quantification of both mechanical (plantar-pressure and shear-forces) and physiological/wound-associated parameters (temperature, humidity, vascular, microcirculation, and pH) underlying the pathophysiology of DF provides opportunities for improving the assessment of DF and treatment outcomes. This review bridges this knowledge gap by exploring the integration of current state-of-the-art sensing modalities and smart wearables with novel actuation technology for real-time management towards effective wound healing of the DF.
糖尿病足（DF）是2型糖尿病患者可预防的严重发病和死亡的主要原因，也是非创伤性下肢截肢的主要原因。尽管临床上对溃疡形成的途径，包括神经病变、缺血和感染，已有充分了解，但糖尿病足继续给患者和医疗系统带来重大的健康和经济负担。传感、智能小型可穿戴技术和人工智能方面的最新技术发展为可行的解决方案提供了丰富的选择。一种能向患者和医疗服务提供者发出警报的连续监测可穿戴系统可以改进当前的检测和管理方案。对糖尿病足病理生理学背后的机械参数（足底压力和剪切力）以及生理/伤口相关参数（温度、湿度、血管、微循环和pH值）进行量化，为改善糖尿病足的评估和治疗结果提供了机会。本综述通过探索将当前最先进的传感模式和智能可穿戴设备与新型驱动技术相结合，以实现对糖尿病足有效伤口愈合的实时管理，填补了这一知识空白。
