Boll David, Reiss Simon, Schmitz Heidi R Cristina, Weber Christian, Thielmann Julien, Spreter Felix, Mehr Kian Tadjalli, Chiang Diana, Jäckel Markus, Heger Lukas, Rilinger Jonathan, Westermann Dirk, von Zur Mühlen Constantin, Heidt Timo, Bock Michael, Maier Alexander
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Killianstraße 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 19;15(1):26270. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11390-3.
The closed-chest porcine model of myocardial ischemia is an essential tool for preclinical research in cardiology. Current literature reports heterogeneous results regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This retrospective analysis presents our experience and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings while establishing a porcine IRI model. 8 male and 12 female juvenile German Landrace pigs received general anesthesia and antiarrhythmic pre-treatment. Myocardial ischemia was induced using transfemoral catheterization and balloon-occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) or the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery under X-ray fluoroscopy guidance. The duration of ischemia varied from 30 to 90 min. CMR was performed at a clinical 3 T system including functional imaging, T1 and T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 2-5 h or three days post-reperfusion. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was a recurrent event, which was counteracted with amiodarone, high blood potassium levels and in one case with propranolol. Males were more likely to experience VF than females and 15 of 20 animals survived the experiment. Resuscitation was required in 47% of the further analyzed animals. CMR revealed IRI in 14 of 15 animals in cardiac segments analogous to those supplied by the respective artery in humans. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced to 52% and 47% of animals had an impaired wall motion. Ischemia durations of 30-45 min did not result in LGE and in no significant T2 increase, whereas T1 was significantly increased (p = 0.02). Occlusion durations of 60-90 min resulted in LGE and T1 and T2 values both increased compared to 30-45 min of ischemia (p < 0.001 for T1 and p = 0.021 for T2). CMR of porcine myocardial IRI showed varying T1 and T2 patterns for different ischemia and reperfusion durations. For IRI, T1 elevation was the most sensitive marker. Significant myocardial infarction indicated by LGE only occurred after ischemic durations ≥ 60 min; thus, an appropriate occlusion duration must be chosen in pigs to create myocardial IRI for scientific studies.
猪心肌缺血闭胸模型是心脏病临床前研究的重要工具。当前文献报道了关于心肌缺血和再灌注损伤（IRI）的不同结果。这项回顾性分析介绍了我们在建立猪IRI模型时的经验和心脏磁共振（CMR）结果。8只雄性和12只雌性德国长白幼猪接受全身麻醉和抗心律失常预处理。在X线透视引导下，通过经股动脉插管和球囊阻塞左前降支（LAD）或左旋支（LCX）冠状动脉诱导心肌缺血。缺血持续时间为30至90分钟。在临床3T系统上进行CMR，包括功能成像、T1和T2映射以及再灌注后2至5小时或三天的延迟钆增强（LGE）。室颤（VF）是一个反复出现的事件，通过胺碘酮、高血钾水平以及在一例中通过普萘洛尔进行对抗。雄性比雌性更容易发生VF，20只动物中有15只存活到实验结束。在进一步分析的动物中，47%需要进行复苏。CMR显示，15只动物中有14只在与人类相应动脉供血区域类似的心脏节段出现IRI。平均左心室射血分数降至52%，47%的动物出现室壁运动受损。缺血30至45分钟未导致LGE，T2无显著增加，而T1显著增加（p = 0.02）。与缺血30至45分钟相比，闭塞60至90分钟导致LGE，T1和T2值均增加（T1，p < 0.001；T2，p = 0.021）。猪心肌IRI的CMR显示，不同缺血和再灌注持续时间的T1和T2模式各不相同。对于IRI，T1升高是最敏感的标志物。仅在缺血持续时间≥60分钟后才出现由LGE指示的显著心肌梗死；因此，在猪中进行科学研究时，必须选择合适的闭塞持续时间以产生心肌IRI。
