Gu Yu-Xin, Yu Hong-Li, Shen Min, Wang Xin-Zhi, Wang Kui-Long, Cao Jie, Chen Qian-Lin, Xu Yan-Qing, Shen Chang-Li, Wu Hao
Pharmacology College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China.
Pharmacology College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing Nanjing 210023, China Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing Nanjing 210023, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2025 Jun;50(12):3223-3231. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20250313.301.
To explore the common irritant components in different base sources of Polygonati Rhizoma(PR). A rabbit eye irritation experiment was conducted to compare the irritant effects of raw products of Polygonatum kingianum, P. officinale, and P. multiflorum. The irritant effects of different solvent extraction parts and needle crystals of PR were compared, and the irritant components were screened. The morphology and structure of the purified needle crystal of PR were observed by microscope and scanning electron microscope and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Rabbit eye irritation and mouse abdominal inflammation model were used to evaluate rabbit eye irritation scores, inflammatory mediators, inflammatory factors levels in the peritoneal exudate of mice, with the peritoneal pathological section used as indicators. The inflammatory effect of needle crystals of PR was studied, and the content of calcium oxalate in three kinds of PR was determined by HPLC. The common protein in three kinds of PR was screened and compared by double enzymatic hydrolysis in solution combined with mass spectrometry. The results showed that three kinds of PR raw products had certain irritant effects on rabbit eyes, among which P. kingianum had the strongest irritant effect. There were no obvious irritant effects in the different solvent extraction parts of P. kingianum. Compared with the blank group, the needle crystal of PR had a significant irritant effect on rabbit eyes, and the inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors in the peritoneal exudate were significantly increased(P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the peritoneal tissue of mice was damaged with significant inflammatory cell infiltration after intraperitoneal injection of needle crystal, indicating that needle crystal had an inflammatory effect. Microscope and scanning electron microscope observations showed that the needle crystals of PR were slender, with a length of about 100-200 μm and sharp ends. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the needle crystals of PR were calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. The results of HPLC showed that the content of calcium oxalate in P. kingianum was the highest among the three kinds of PR. It was speculated that the content of needle crystal in P. kingianum was higher than that in P. officinale and P. multiflorum, which was consistent with the results of the rabbit eye irritation experiment. The results of mass spectrometry showed that ribosome inactivating protein and mannose/sialic acid binding lectin were related to inflammation and cell metabolism in all three kinds of PR. There was no obvious irritant effect in different solvent extracts of PR. The calcium oxalate needle crystal contained was the main irritant component of PR, and three kinds of PR contained common ribosome inactivating protein and mannose/sialic acid binding lectin, which may be related to the inflammatory irritant effect of PR.
探索不同基源黄精的常见刺激性成分。进行兔眼刺激性实验，比较滇黄精、黄精和多花黄精生品的刺激作用。比较黄精不同溶剂提取物部位及针晶的刺激作用，筛选刺激性成分。通过显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察黄精纯化针晶的形态结构，并进行X射线衍射表征。采用兔眼刺激性和小鼠腹腔炎症模型，以兔眼刺激评分、炎症介质、小鼠腹腔渗出液中炎症因子水平及腹腔病理切片为指标，研究黄精针晶的炎症作用，并采用高效液相色谱法测定三种黄精中草酸钙的含量。通过溶液双酶解结合质谱法筛选并比较三种黄精中的共同蛋白。结果表明，三种黄精生品对兔眼均有一定刺激作用，其中滇黄精的刺激作用最强。滇黄精不同溶剂提取物部位无明显刺激作用。与空白组相比，黄精针晶对兔眼有显著刺激作用，小鼠腹腔渗出液中炎症介质和炎症因子显著增加（P<0.05），且呈剂量依赖性。同时，小鼠腹腔注射针晶后，腹腔组织受损，有明显炎症细胞浸润，表明针晶具有炎症作用。显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察显示，黄精针晶细长，长度约100 - 200μm，末端尖锐。X射线衍射分析表明，黄精针晶为一水合草酸钙晶体。高效液相色谱结果显示，三种黄精中滇黄精的草酸钙含量最高。推测滇黄精针晶含量高于黄精和多花黄精，这与兔眼刺激性实验结果一致。质谱结果表明，核糖体失活蛋白和甘露糖/唾液酸结合凝集素与三种黄精的炎症及细胞代谢有关。黄精不同溶剂提取物无明显刺激作用。所含草酸钙针晶是黄精的主要刺激性成分，三种黄精含有共同的核糖体失活蛋白和甘露糖/唾液酸结合凝集素，这可能与黄精的炎性刺激作用有关。
