Bao Liwei, Wang Zihan, Li Li, Tang Shengbin, Zhao Guang, Zhang Huihui, Zhang Xia
Hunan Normal University Health Science Center Changsha, Hunan, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changsha Hospital for Materal and Child Health Care Changsha, Hunan, China.
Am J Stem Cells. 2025 Jun 15;14(2):53-72. doi: 10.62347/YGXA7976. eCollection 2025.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm, known for their capability to differentiate into various specific tissue cell types and fulfill corresponding physiological roles. Furthermore, MSCs are essential in modulating the tissue microenvironment through the release of soluble factors that can modify the local inflammatory conditions of injured tissues. As a result, MSCs show considerable promise for therapeutic use in a range of traumatic scenarios, including but not limited to liver damage, myocardial infarction, neurological conditions, lung trauma, kidney injuries, and disorders affecting the female reproductive system. They play a key role in alleviating cell apoptosis, sustaining cell survival, encouraging proliferation, enhancing the inflammatory milieu, minimizing tissue fibrosis, and supporting vascular regeneration. These mechanisms are crucial for controlling excessive and persistent inflammatory reactions that arise after organ injury, which may lead to cell death and hindered blood circulation, ultimately causing fibrosis and weakened organ functionality. Additionally, MSCs are gradually being incorporated into clinical settings, where careful considerations regarding methods of administration, dosing, safety, and effectiveness are vital for achieving optimal clinical results. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells aid in the repair of major bodily organs. We also examine their current status, obstacles, and pertinent issues concerning clinical applications.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一种起源于中胚层的多能干细胞，以其分化为各种特定组织细胞类型并发挥相应生理作用的能力而闻名。此外，间充质干细胞通过释放可改变受损组织局部炎症状况的可溶性因子，在调节组织微环境方面至关重要。因此，间充质干细胞在一系列创伤性情况下具有巨大的治疗应用前景，包括但不限于肝损伤、心肌梗死、神经系统疾病、肺损伤、肾损伤以及影响女性生殖系统的疾病。它们在减轻细胞凋亡、维持细胞存活、促进增殖、改善炎症环境、减少组织纤维化以及支持血管再生方面发挥着关键作用。这些机制对于控制器官损伤后出现的过度和持续炎症反应至关重要，炎症反应可能导致细胞死亡和血液循环受阻，最终导致纤维化和器官功能减弱。此外，间充质干细胞正逐渐被纳入临床应用，在临床中，对于给药方法、剂量、安全性和有效性的仔细考虑对于取得最佳临床效果至关重要。本综述概述了间充质干细胞辅助主要身体器官修复的机制。我们还研究了它们的现状、障碍以及与临床应用相关的问题。
