Patil Veerabhadragouda B, Lewczuk Rafał, Sazeček Filip, Paziewska Paulina, Stojan Petr, Bělina Petr, Zeman Svatopluk
Institute of Energetic Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice CZ-532 10, Czech Republic.
Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Warszawa PL-03-236, Poland.
ACS Omega. 2025 May 27;10(27):29194-29208. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c01848. eCollection 2025 Jul 15.
The new combustion modifier cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitrooctahydroimidazo-[4,5-]-imidazole (BCHMX) was tested on an aluminum HMX/HTPB/AP propellant. Monitored were the changes in the propellant characteristics, when the 10, 20, and 30 wt % ammonium perchlorate (AP) were substituted by pure 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5.7-tetrazocane (HMX), mechanical mixture HMX/BCHMX (PM), and coagglomerate of HMX/BCHMX (CACs), the latter two in a weight ratio of 8:1. By means of the powder X-ray diffraction and FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, it was confirmed that CACs are a mixture of cocrystal β-HMX/BCHMX with excess β-HMX. The relationships were discovered between the burning rate of the prepared samples and the heat of combustion ( ), ignition temperature, specific rate constant of thermal decomposition, impact sensitivity, hardness, and specific impulse. Correspondingly, relationships between and ignition temperature, as well as the impact and friction sensitivities, were investigated. It was found that increasing the amount of CACs in the propellant reduces the pressure exponent, while pure HMX and PM have the opposite effect. The significantly positive effect of CACs on the burning rate, especially at 20 wt % substitution of AP by these microcrystals, is another noteworthy finding.
新型燃烧改性剂顺式-1,3,4,6-四硝基八氢咪唑并-[4,5-]-咪唑（BCHMX）在铝基HMX/HTPB/AP推进剂上进行了测试。当10%、20%和30%的高氯酸铵（AP）分别被纯1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷（HMX）、机械混合物HMX/BCHMX（PM）以及HMX/BCHMX的凝聚附聚物（CACs）替代时（后两者的重量比为8:1），对推进剂特性的变化进行了监测。通过粉末X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实，CACs是共晶β-HMX/BCHMX与过量β-HMX的混合物。发现了所制备样品的燃烧速率与燃烧热（ ）、点火温度、热分解比速率常数、撞击感度、硬度和比冲之间的关系。相应地，研究了 与点火温度以及撞击和摩擦感度之间的关系。发现推进剂中CACs含量的增加会降低压力指数，而纯HMX和PM则有相反的效果。CACs对燃烧速率有显著的正向影响，尤其是当这些微晶替代20%的AP时，这是另一个值得注意的发现。
